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Wine > Grape Varieties > Flashcards

Grape Varieties Flashcards

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1
Q

Bordeaux

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle

Petit Verdot

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2
Q

The Dordogne and South West France

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle

Bordeaux varieties, Malbec, Tannat, Ugni Blanc, Petit Manseng

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3
Q

Burgundy

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir

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4
Q

Beaujolais

A

Gamay

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5
Q

Alsace

A

Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewurtztraminer, Muscat

Pinot Blanc

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6
Q

The Loire Valley

A

Melon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Flanc

Grolleau, Cabernet Sauvignon

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7
Q

The Rhone Valley

A

Syrah, Grenache, Carignan, Mourvèdre, Viognier

Cinsault, Picpoul, Viognier

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8
Q

Germany

A

Riesling, Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir)

Silvaner, Muller-Thurgau, Dornfelder

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9
Q

Austria

A

Riesling, Gruner Veltliner

Welschriesling, Blaufrankisch, Zweigelt, Saint Laurent

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10
Q

Tokaj

Hungary

A

Furmint, Harslevelu, Sarga Muskotalty

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11
Q

Greece

  1. Naoussa
  2. Nemea
  3. Santorini
A
  1. Xinomavro
  2. Agiorgitiko
  3. Assyrtiko
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12
Q

Alto Adige/Trentino/Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Italy

A

Pinot Grigio

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13
Q

Veneto

Italy

A

Corvina, Garganega, Pinot Grigio, Merlot, Chardonnay, Trebbiano

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14
Q

Piemonte

Italy

A

Nebbiolo, Dolcetto, Barbera, Cortese

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15
Q

Tuscany

Italy

A

Sangiovese, Carbernet Sauvignon

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16
Q

Marche

Italy

A

Verdicchio

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17
Q

Umbria

Italy

A

Grechetto, Trebbiano

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18
Q

Lazio

Italy

A

Malvasia, Trebbiano

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19
Q

Abruzzo

Italy

A

Montepulciano

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20
Q

Campania

Italy

A

Aglianico

Greco, Fiano

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21
Q

Puglia

Italy

A

Negroamaro, Primitivo

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22
Q

Basilicata

Italy

A

Aglianico

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23
Q

Sicily

Italy

A

Nero d’Avola

Syrah, Chardonnay

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24
Q

The Upper Ebro

Spain

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano

Manuelo, Viura

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25
Q

Catalunya

Spain

A

Garnacha, Carinena Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Chardonnay

26
Q

The Duero Valley

Spain

A

Tempranillo, Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc

27
Q

The Norh West

Spain

A

Albariño

Mencia

28
Q

Castillo-La Mancha

Spain

A

Airen, Tempranillo

29
Q

Portugal

A

Alvarinho, Loureiro, Arinto, Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alfrocheiro, Jaen, Baga, Trincadeira, Alicante Bouschet

30
Q

USA

A

Carbernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

Riesling

31
Q

Canada

A

Vidal, Riesling

32
Q

Chile

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

33
Q

Argentina

A

Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Torrontes

Bonarda

34
Q

South Africa

A

Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinotage, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot

CB: growers are making better use of its versatility and producing great wines in both sweet and dry.

SB: often have a herbaceous character. Displays very pure flavours of citrus and green fruit. In warmer regions the grapes need to be picked early to retain such flavours, as well as high acidity level.

Pinotage: Pinot noir x cinsault. This crossing was developed in SA, and it is hardly grown anywhere else in the world. “Cape Blend” is a blend of Pinotage and international varieties.
Can be made light, fruity style with red berry flavours, whereas wines from old bush vine wines may be very full-bodied, with rich spiced, berry fruit. When fermented and/or stored with heavily toasted oak staves, Pinotage can take on intense coffee or chocolate aromas.

CS: most widely planted black variety, is used for varietal wines and also blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc for Bordeaux-style blends.

Pinot Noir: less tolerant of the hot SA climate and is planted in small amounts in the coolest coastal areas. The vast majority of premium red wines are matured in oak, with at least a proportion of new barrels used, to give toasty aromas.

35
Q

Australia

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Grenache, Chardonnay, Semillon, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc

36
Q

New Zealand

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Merlot

37
Q

Port

Portugal

A

Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Nacional, Tinto Cao, Tinta Barroca

38
Q

Sherry

Spain

A

Palomino, Pedro Ximenez (PX), Muscat

39
Q

Fortified Muscats

France & Australia

A

Muscat

40
Q

Sauvignon Blanc

A
  1. Highly aromatic grape variety with high acidity.
  2. Early ripening so is well suited to cool climates where the temperatures help to retain the variety’s refreshing characteristics.
  3. Loire Valley, France and Marlborough, New Zealand.
  4. Loire Valley: the cool climate gives aromas and flavours of green apple and asparagus often with a hint of wet pebbles. Malborough: similarly cool but long hours of intense sunlight give wines with very vibrant flavours. The wines display powerful aromas of gooseberry, elderflower, grapefruit and passion fruit.
41
Q

What is Chianti made out of?

Central Italy

A

Sangiovese

42
Q

What is the dominant and prestigious grape in the Tuscany Region?

A

Sangiovese

It is late to ripen, so needs a warm climate, hence its home in this part of Italy.

43
Q

Describe the red wines that are produced in the Tuscany Region.

A

Has aromas of red cherries, plums and dried herbs and are usually aged for a period of time in oak to soften the tannins and sometimes add spicy flavours. Both small barrels and larger casks can be used. With Bottle age the wines develop meaty and gamey aromas.

44
Q

What is Orvieto DOC made out of?

Umbria

A

Blend of Grechetto and Trebbiano

45
Q

Barbera

A

Ripens relatively late, as much as two weeks after the other ‘lesser’ black variety of Piemonte Dolcetto.
Chief characteristic is its high level of natural acidity even when fully ripe, which has helped its popularity in hot climates. This high acidity has also lead many ambitious producers to delay picking,?and in some cases producers in the Langhe now pick Barbera after Nebbiolo.

46
Q

Characters of White Rioja

A

Spice, oxidative

47
Q

White Burgandy

A

Hazelnut, mineral, oak. Has it all.

48
Q

Character of Vino di Montepulciano?

A

Filled with reserved red cherry. Similar style as Chianti as it is Sangiovese based.
If you like Tuscany wine, it will be the go to wine.
Red cherry jam.
Not as dark and rich as Brunello di Montalcino.

49
Q

Carbernet Sauvignon is the classic grape of_________.

A

Haut-Medoc in Bordeaux

50
Q

Outside of Europe, which places are considered classic regions for Cabernet Sauvignon?

A 
Napa Valley in California 
Coonawarra and Margaret River in Australia
Hawke's Bay in New Zealand
Stellenbosch in South Africa
Colchagua in Chile
51
Q

What are the dominant grapes in Saint-Emilion and Pomerol.

A

Merlot

52
Q

How many grape varieties are allowed in the Bordeaux appellation regulations?
How many are in practice?

A

13

Three black grapes and two white are predominate.

53
Q

Explain the style of Clairet

A

It undergoes a longer maceration than a typical rosé and is deeper in color and fuller in body.

54
Q

Explain where Marsanne and Roussanne are grown.

A

Northern Rhone and are usually blended together.
Marsanne has richness and weight.
Roussanne offers acidity and a perfumed fruit character.

55
Q

White Zinfandel is typically a fruity, medium-sweet, low alcohol wine with a medium rose colour. How is this colour made?

A

The colour in a rise comes from the skins of black grapes, in this case Zinfandel. The colour extraction from the skin needs to be managed so that the wine does not become red. One obvious option is drawing off. The juice is only kept in contact with the skins for a very short period (6-48 hours) limiting the amount of colour extracted. The juice is then separated from the skins to stop colour extraction.

56
Q

Explain how medium-sweet, low alcohol wine is created.

A

The alcohol in the wine comes from the yeast converting sugar into alcohol. In order to make a medium sweet, low alcohol wine, fermentation must be stopped before all the sugar is consumed to give a wine that has sweetness and a low alcohol. The fermentation can be stopped by either adding SO2 to stun the yeast or by chilling the fermenting must stop the yeast from working. Either way, the yeast then needs to be removed by filtration or else the wine will start to ferment again.

57
Q

What can you explain about maturation of the above white zinfandel?

A

This is not a style of wine that will benefit from long ageing of any length. It does not have the tannin, acidity or alcohol to make sure this happens. The appeal is the fresh fruity taste and these are likely to fade rapidly. Therefore the wine will be stored in inert vessels which will not add extra flavour and keep the wine away from oxygen which would compromise the fruit. It will be bottled young and sold as quickly as possible.

58
Q

California has a reputation for making medium acid, full bodied Chardonnays with flavours of hazelnut, butter and vanilla. Describe two techniques that a winemaker could use to achieve this style and explain how they work .

A

Technique 1: Malolactic Fermentation
this takes place after the alcoholic fermentation has finished. Malic acid is converted to Lactic acid which softens and reduces the acidity. This process also adds buttery, hazelnut flavours to a wine.
Technique 2: Oak
this can be used during the alcoholic fermentation and during a period of maturation prior to bottling. In order to get strong vanilla flavours new oak is required as this characteristic of the oak fades every time it is used.

59
Q

Grape besides Gamay in Beaujolais

A

Brouilly

60
Q

Explain Chambourcin

A
  1. Is considered a very productive grape with crop yields reported ranging from 11.1 tons per hectare to 17.3 tons per hectare.
  2. Good resistance to fungal disease, and is one of the parents of the new disease resistant variety, Regent, which is increasing in popularity among German grape growers.
61
Q

Explain Cardinal

A
  1. The grape is used as a typical table grape for eating and making raisins.
  2. In Thailand and Vietnam it is used widely in wine production.
  3. It is the main parent of the Blanc du Bois subtropical wine grape.

Wine (8 decks)

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