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WSET Level 2 > Grape Growing and Labelling Terms > Flashcards

Grape Growing and Labelling Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 stages of Grape formation/ripening?

A

Flowering
Fruit Set
Veraison
Ripening

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2
Q

What is Veraison?

A

The point at which the grapes start to lose their dark green color, starting the ripening process (white grapes turn gold and black grapes turn red then purple)

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3
Q

What 6 things does a vine need?

A

warmth, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients

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4
Q

What is the process called in which the vine produces sugars?

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

Which parts of the grape contain tanins?

A

Stem, seeds, and skins (but in lower amounts than the stem and seeds)

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6
Q

What is botrytis?

A

A fungus that grows on the skin of ripe grapes causing noble rot. It makes tiny holes on the skin causing water inside the grape to evaporate and concentrating the flavours.

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7
Q

What are the ideal conditions so that botrytis doesn’t destroy grapes?

A

1) the fungus must grow on ripe grapes
2) the vineyard must have damp, misty mornings to allow fungus spread followed by warm, dry afternoons to limit fungus growth

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8
Q

When is the growing season?

A

April to Oct in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa in the South

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9
Q

What defines a cool growing climate?

A

Average growing season temperature of 16.5 C or below (62 F)

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10
Q

What defines a moderate growing climate?

A

Average growing season temperature between 16.5 and 18.5 C (62 - 65 F)

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11
Q

What defines a warm growing climate?

A

Average growing season temperature between 18.5 and 21 C (65 - 70 F)

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12
Q

True or False: Grenache can only successfully grow and ripen in areas with a warm climate.

A

True

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13
Q

What are the topical moderating influences on climate?

A 
Rivers
Slope
Aspect
Cloud
Fog
Mist
Mountains
Soil
Air
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14
Q

General climate of an area is impacted by…

A

Latitude, Altitude, Seas

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15
Q

What are the day-to-day weather influences on grape production?

A 
Temperature
Sunlight
Drought/Rain
Hail
Frost
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16
Q

When are grapes pruned?

A

While dormant in winter

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17
Q

True or False: A PDO is a GI?

A

True - GIs within the EU are broken down into PDOs (Protected Designation of Origin) and PGIs (Protected Geographical Indication)

18
Q

What is a GI

A

A legally defined vinyard area within a country

19
Q

True or False: Statement of origin is required on wine bottles.

A

True - although most wines come from GI’s not all do. But those who don’t must at least label the country or state/provence they come from.

20
Q

True or False: GI’s outside the EU have very defined restrictions on how wine is grown and produced.

A

False. Unlike the EU, these GI’s have limited restrictions and many styles can come from a single GI, making it harder to understand style and quality.

21
Q

What does PDO stand for?

A

Protected Designation of Origin

22
Q

What does PGI stand for?

A

Protected Geographical Indication

23
Q

What are the French PDOs?

A

Appellation d’origine protegee (AOP)

Appellation d’origine controlee (AOC)

24
Q

What are the French PGIs?

A

Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP)

Vin de pays (VdP)

25
Q

What are the Italian PDOs?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

Denominazion di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

26
Q

What are the Italian PGIs?

A

Indicatizione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Vino da Tavola (although this isn’t listed in the book)

27
Q

What are the Spanish PDOs?

A

Denominacion de Origen (DO)

Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

28
Q

What is the Spanish PGI?

A

Vino de la Tierra

29
Q

What are the German PDOs?

A

Qualitatswein

Pradikatswein

30
Q

What is the German PGI?

A

Landwein

31
Q

True or False: the term vieilles vignes is legally defined to denote vines of a certain age

A

False - this is not a legally designed concept so can be misleading on labels

32
Q

True or False: A wine from Australia labeled 2016 will be half a year older than a wine labeled 2016 from California

A

True - the Australian 2016 harvest would have happened in April and the Californian in Oct

33
Q

True or False: The term Vendages Tardives can only be used in Burgundy

A

False - only in the Alsace

34
Q

What does Vendages Tardives mean?

A

Late Harvest

35
Q

What does a wine labeled ‘Chateau’ mean?

A

Indicates that the wine has been made from grapes grown on the producer’s land/estate rather than being made from bought-in grapes

36
Q

What are the 6 categories of Pradikatswein in Germany? How are they ranked? Which 2 categories are affected by botrytis?

A

Kabinett
Spatlese
Auslese

Beerenauslese - botrytis
Trockenbeerenauslese - botrytis
Eisewein

They are ranked in order of sugar levels. K, S, and A can be sweet or dry whereas B, T, and E are always sweet. In order to qualify for Pradikatswein the wines must meet a minimum sugar level and come from one of Germany’s 13 regions only.

37
Q

Which grape varieties are more susceptible to botrytis?

A

Riesling
Chenin Blanc
Semillon
Furmint

38
Q

What are the 4 Spanish age labeling terms?

A

Joven - young, fruit (no minimum aging requirements), typically released the year following the vintage
Crianza - aged for the shortest period, must be aged in oak barrels prior to release
Reserva - must be aged for extended periods of time in both oak and bottles. means cooked/dried fruit flavors and complex layers of primary, secondary, and tertiary flavors
Gran Reserva - aged for the longest and have the most pronounced secondary and tertiary flavors

39
Q

In Italy, what does the term Classico mean?

A

wine has been made from grapes grown in the historic centre of a region; often located in the hilliest part; typically produce wines that are more contrated in flavor

40
Q

In Italy, what does the term Reserva mean?

A

Indicates a DOC or DOCG wine that has been aged for at least a set number of months before release

41
Q

Vendage Tardives is a term that can only be used on wines from what region? What does it mean?

A

Alsace, Late Harvest

WSET Level 2 (11 decks)

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