Grant Et Al Flashcards
What was the DV?
How well they scored in both the recall and recognition tests
What is context-dependency?
Where the being in the same context in the retrieval as the encoding enhances memory
What is the recall test?
Short answer test - without cues
What is the recognition test?
Multiple choice test with 4 answers - with cues
How many participants were there?
40
How many results were there?
39 (1 was pulled out because he scored too low)
What were the 4 conditions?
Silent - silent
Silent - noisy
Noisy - silent
Noisy - noisy
Who were the experimenters?
8 members of a psychology class
How many people did the experimenter recruit?
5 people as participants
What sampling method was used?
Opportunity (experimenters)
Snowball (participant)
What was the age range for participants?
17-56 years old
What was the mean age of the 39 participants
23.4
How many males were there?
23
How many females were there?
17
What was the noise through my headphones?
Background noise of a lunch time - complete sentences weren’t audible only words or phrases.
What article was selected to be read?
Psyco immunology
How big was the article?
2 pages of 3 columns
How many multiple choice questions were there?
16
How many short answer questions were there?
10
How were the questions ordered?
The order in which the information was presented in the article is the same order in which the questions appear
Which came first the recall or recognition test?
The recall (short answer)
Why was the recall first?
To ensure the answers were being recalled from the article and not from the multiple choice
What marking were participants allowed to leave?
Highlighters and under line
Was there a buffer phase?
There was a buffer of 2 minutes between the end of the study phase and the test phase
How long did the procedure last?
30 mins approx
What was the IV?
Whether they recalled in the matching condition or the mis-matching condition
What was the background/context?
If context dependent memory links to improved recall of importation
What was the theme?
Memory recall
What was the method used?
Lab experiment
What was the type of data collected?
Quantitative
What were the two types of quantitative data collected?
Mean reading time
Mean sore in the two tests
What was the level of data collected?
Interval ratio data - because the intervals between the scores are the exact same
What was the experimental design they used?
Independent measures design - each participant only saw one condition
How was the data analysed?
ANOVA - analysis of variance (used for multiple conditions)
Mean + standard deviation
What were the findings in the multiple choice test?
In the same conditions mean scores of 14.3 and if different conditions mean score of 12.7
What were the findings in the recall test?
SS - 6.7
SN - 4.6
NS - 5.4
NN - 6.2
What were the conclusions from this experiment?
Informations best recalled in the same conditions it’s learnt in
No significant affect of noise on performance as long as their matching conditions
Key themes and ares of psychology
Memory and how to improve it - noise effect - context
Internal validity?
Low - lab setting = artificial behaviour
However it does measure memory and that’s what it intends to measure
Population validity?
Small sample size so it’s not very valid
Population validity
Yes because this can be applied to all USA smart psyc pupils. However it can’t generalise it to young or old people of different cultures.
Ecological validity
Lab setting = artificial behaviour
Demand characteristics.
Artificial stress, panic and the desire to please the teacher.
Test-retest?
Standard procedures
Lab setting
These make it replicable
Informed consent
There was consent but it wasn’t informed, partially informed
Right to withdraw?
Could drop if they wanted to - however they were her students so may have get obliged to take part
Confidentiality
It was all anonymous
Protection of protections
Protection of participants, the one participant who was pulled out may have felt embarrassed for scoring so bad
Debrief
They were fully debriefed at the end
Deception
Were deceived about the matched + mismatched conditions. Reduced demand characteristics
Usefulness of research
Students revising for exams, matched conditions = success
Psyc as a science
Experiment - cause and effect:
IV + DV
Controls
Standardised
- collected quantitative data
- Easy to repeat
Individual/situational
Situations effect memory - under which you revise.
