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GI Physiology > Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion, secretion, absorption, motility

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2
Q

Function of mouth

A

Foodstuffs broken down by chewing; saliva added as lubricant

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3
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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4
Q

Function of stomach

A

Digestion of proteins; foodstuffs reduced to liquid form; storage; sterilisation

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5
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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6
Q

Function of liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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7
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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8
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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9
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Water absorption, bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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10
Q

What are the 4 distinctive layers

A

Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)

submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/ adventitia

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11
Q

Where is serosa found?

A

Found in organs inside the peritoneal cavity. Serosa surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

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12
Q

Where is the adventitia found?

A

Found in organs outside the peritoneal cavity. Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures.

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13
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the GI tract?

A

mouth, oesophagus, anal canal

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14
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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15
Q

What is the function of epithelium?

A

barrier separating the lumen fo the alimentary canal from the body . synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus. absorbs products of digestion

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16
Q

Define lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/ lymph vessels)

17
Q

What is muscualris mucosae

A

thin smooth muscle layer

18
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

thick, irregular connective tissue.

19
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Contains neurones, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels. neurons form extensive network Meissener’s plexus. submucosal glands in oesophagus and duodenum

20
Q

What is serosa/ adventitia?

A

connective tissue outer layer of the alimentary canal

21
Q

What is the muscularis externa?

A

Two concentric thick layers of smooth muscle.
Inner layer = circular muscle to constrict lumen
Outer layer = longitudinal muscle to shorten tube.

22
Q

Function of the muscularis externa?

A 
produce motility (peristalsis and segmentation)
Myenteric (Auerbac's) plexus between circular and longitudinal muscle.
23
Q

What is the enteric nervous system

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexus = enteric nervous system. allows independent control of gut function.

24
Q

Autonomic control of the gut

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

25
Q

Parasympathetic nervous control of the gut?

A

Vagus nerve. except salivation (facial and glossopharyngeal)

stimulates increased secretion and motility

26
Q

Sympathetic nervous control of the gut

A

Splanchnic nerve.
inhibitory (except salivation)
decrease secretion and motility

27
Q

What are the organs supplied by the celiac trunk?

A

stomach, 2nd part of the duodenum pancreas and liver

28
Q

What organs are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?

A

small intestine, caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon

29
Q

What organs are supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

30
Q

What is the general venous drainage of the GI tract?

A

hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> inferior vena cava

31
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach

A

Gastric veins

32
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A

splenic vein

33
Q

Which organs are drained by the superior mesenteric vein?

A

small intestine, caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon

34
Q

Which organs are drained by the inferior mesenteric vein?

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

35
Q

Difference between hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein

A

Hepatic artery = carries oxygenated blood from the heart to liver
Hepatic portal vein = carries deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the liver
Hepatic vein = carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart.

GI Physiology (3 decks)

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