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Gastrointestinal Physiology > Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive system

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What type of environment is needed for digestion?

A

Aqueous

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3
Q

Function of mouth

A

Foodstuffs broken down by chewing

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4
Q

What is added as a lubricant to the mouth to break down foodstuffs?

A

Saliva

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5
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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6
Q

Functions of the stomach

A

Digestion of proteins
Foodstuffs reduced to liquid form
Storage
Sterilisation

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7
Q

Functions of pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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8
Q

Function of liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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9
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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10
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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11
Q

Functions of large intestine

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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12
Q

How much of live bacteria is found in the large intestine?

A

1kg

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13
Q

How long is the tube from oesophagus to rectum?

A

Approx. 8 metres

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14
Q

4 distinctive layers/tunics of the wall

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/Adventitia

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15
Q

Layers of the mucosal layer

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosae
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16
Q

Where does all the motility of the canal come from?

A

Muscularis externa

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17
Q

What does the serosa/adventitia make the intestine look like?

A

Shiney

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18
Q

Two layers of the Muscularis externa

A

Circular muscle layer

Longitudinal muscle layer

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19
Q

What does the serosa consist of?

A

Connective tissue

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20
Q

Epithelium of the mouth

A

Stratified squamous

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21
Q

Epithelium of the stomach

A

Simple columnar

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22
Q

Epithelium of the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous

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23
Q

Epithelium of the small and large intestines

A

Simple columnar

24
Q

Epithelium of the anal canal

A

Stratified squamous

25
Q

Function of mucosa layer (depending on location)

A

Barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from the body
Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
Absorbs the products of digestion

26
Q

What is the submucosal layer?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

27
Q

What does the submucosal layer do?

A

Supports the mucosa

28
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Neurones
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

29
Q

What do the neurones in the submucosa form?

A

Extensive network

- Submucosal (Meissner’s plexus) = parasympathetic

30
Q

Where are submucosal glands found?

A

Oesophagus

Duodenum

31
Q

What does the submucosal gland in the oesophagus secrete?

A

Mucus

32
Q

What does the submucosal gland in the duodenum secrete?

A

Bicarbonate

33
Q

Function of the inner circular layer of the Muscularis externa

A

Constricts lumen

34
Q

Function of the outer circular muscle layer/longitudinal muscle

A

Shortens tube

35
Q

Function of Muscularis externa

A

Peristalsis

Segmentation

36
Q

What is found between circular and longitudinal muscle layer?

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s plexus)

37
Q

What provides independent control of gut function?

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexus

38
Q

What are the submucosal and myenteric plexuses part of?

A

Enteric nervous system

39
Q

Function of serosa/adventitia outside peritoneal cavity

A

Attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

40
Q

Function of serosa/adventitia inside peritoneal cavity

A

Surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

41
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

A

3

42
Q

Autonomic control of GI tube

A

Long (parasympathetic)

Short (ENS) Reflexes

43
Q

Parasympathetic control of gut tube is via what?

A

Vagus nerve CN X

44
Q

What does parasympathetic nerve activity do to the gut tube?

A

STIMULATORY

  • increase in secretion
  • increase in motility
45
Q

What is sympathetic supply to the gut tube via?

A

Splanchnic nerve

46
Q

What does sympathetic activity do to the gut tube?

A 
INHIBITORY
- Decrease in secretion 
- decrease in motility 
EXCEPT SALVATION
- increase in salvation
47
Q

Branches of arterial supply to the GI tract off the descending abdominal aorta

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

48
Q

What is supplied by the coeliac trunk?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

49
Q

What is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

50
Q

What is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

51
Q

Venous drainage of stomach

A

Gastric veins

52
Q

Venous drainage of pancreas

A

Splenic vein

53
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

54
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric drain?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

55
Q

Where does the gastric, splenic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins drain to?

A

Hepatic portal vein

56
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein drain to?

A

Hepatic vein

57
Q

Where does the hepatic vein drain to?

A

Inferior vena cava

Gastrointestinal Physiology (13 decks)

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