Grammer constructions

Question 1

Making a suggestion

Answer 1

Ta - form of verb + ら
１）いかがですか
２）どうですか
３）いいと思います

Question 2

Describe something that happens before something

Answer 2

Noun の　
+ 前に
verb dictionary form

Question 3

Describe something that happens after something else

Answer 3

Noun の
+ 後で
verb ta- form

Question 4

Describe the decision to do something

Answer 4

verb (plain, non past form) + ことにする

Question 5

Describe the natural or expected consequence ( ~ と conditionals)

Answer 5

noun + だ/でない　
i-adj (plain, nonpast)
+ と+ resultant clause
na- adj + だ/でない
verbs (plain, nonpast)

Question 6

Ask for and give directions

Question 7

Add more information and elaborate the action through the adverbial use of adjectives.

Answer 7

i- adj : root + く
na -adj : root + に

Question 8

Describe admonishment and prohibition

Answer 8

te-form of verb + は +
１）行けない（行けません）
２）ならない（なりません）
３）だめだ（だめです）
４）こまる（こまります）

Question 9

Describe obligation or duty

Answer 9

• te -form of the negative, nonpast form ( な form ) of verb + は +
  １）ならない（なりません）
  ２）いけない（いけません）
  ３）だめだ（だめです）
• root of the negative, nonpast form of verbs + ければ +
  １）ならない（なりません）
  ２）いけない（いけません）
  ３）だめだ（だめです）

Question 10

Understand commands and follow instructions

Answer 10

conjunctive form of verb + なさい

Question 11

Describe various actions of situations using ~たり、~たり

Answer 11

plain past verb + り
　　　　　　　　　　　　＋する or だ
plain past i- or na-adj + り　

Question 12

Describe unfairness, bias, or other negative meanings

Answer 12

ばかり (express only but other things too)
1) There are many of the same thing
2) The same thing happens over and over

だけ (express explicitly “only”)

Question 13

Transitive verbs

Answer 13

(something has been done, someone has done something)

Verbs that requires an object to receive the action

• ending “eru” is transitive
• ending “su” is transitive

Question 14

Intransitive verbs

Answer 14

(something occured and the resulting state remains)

Verbs that doesn’t need an object in a sentence

• ending “aru” is intransitive
• ending “reru” is intransitive

Question 15

Describe purpose (adverbial phase)

Answer 15

Noun + の
+ ため（に）
verb (plain, nonpast)

(in order to (do something ))
(for the sake of (someone; something)

Question 16

Describe purpose (adjectival phase)

Answer 16

Noun + の　
　　　　 +ため+ の
Verb (plain, nonpast)

(for (the purpose of doing something)
(intended, made especially for (someone or something))