Grammer Flashcards
Derived words
Formed by joining 2 words together. The original words have separate meanings from the new word they produce. Ex jet-black
Differences between written and oral language
Written language is not oral language put to symbols. It is more formal, more uniform and much harder to influence with social and regional dialects.
Accent, tone, word choice, etc
Phenological awareness
The ability of the reader to recognize the sound of the spoken word.
Gained when taught the sounds made by letters or a blend of letters
Begins pk years/can be done with eyes closed
Skills include: rhyming and syllabication, blending sounds into words, identifying beginning sounds, segmenting, and recognizing smaller words why removing starting sounds
Most task are oral
Segmenting
Breaking words down into smaller sounds
Morphology
The study of word structure
Developing and understanding of patterns in words
Helps readers understand words at a faster rate
Syntax
The rules or patterned relationships that correctly produce phrases and sentences from words
Helps to understand the structure of how sentences are built and grammar is used
Semantics
The meaning expressed when words are arranged in a specific way
Pragmatics
The difference between the writers intended meaning of the sentence based on social context
The social rules of language
Used to understand the writers intended meaning
Verbs
Must agree in number with the subject
If 2 singular subj. are connected by and, the verb must be plural
If 2 singular subject or connected by or or not a the verb is singular
If 1 singular and 1 plural, the verb agrees with whichever is closest
If collective noun the sentence controls the verb (singular is the noun rep. A unit)
Verb tenses
Future
Present perfect
Past perfect-used to express something that occurred as a precedent
Future perfect, started in past or present and will conclude something in the future
Use of pronouns
Used of pronouns
Used as a subject predicate nominate in a nominative
The verb can in this sentence can be replaced with equals-completes a linking verb
A pronoun used as a direct object or object if a preposition is in objective case
Use if adjectives
Need to agree w/pervious word in a sentence
Avoid using double comparison
Needs to include all the necessary words to make a comparison have a clear meaning
Plurals
End in hard constants or silent e add
Nouns that end in soft consents s, j, x, z, ch, sh add es
Nouns ending in y proceeded by a vowel add a
Nouns ending in y proceeded by a hard constants
Some plurals are formed irregularly
Clauses
Connected word groups that are composed of at least one subjects and one verb
Can be independent or dependent
Sentences
Are made up of 2 parts, subject and predicate
Subject-the doer of action or element being joined
Predicate/made up of verbs and adverbs, adj., pronouns, or clauses that describe the action of the sentence
Simple, compound, complex, compound complex.
Indecent and dependent clauses
