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Grammer Flashcards

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1
Q

Possessive pronouns

A

Mi - my
Tu - your
Su - your
Nuestro/a - ours
Su - their

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2
Q

Where something is: Estar + en

Denver is in Colorado

A

Ciudad de Denver está en Colorado

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3
Q

To describe the distance between two places: estar + cerca de (close to) or lejos de (far from)

Seattle is far from Denver

A

La ciudad de Seattle está lejos de la ciudad de Denver

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4
Q

To discribe a place in more detail: hay (there is/are)

In Colorado there are many mountains

A

En Colorado hay muchas montañas

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5
Q

Ask where something is: ¿dónde está + noun?

Where is the book?

A

¿Dónde está el libro?

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6
Q

De + el
De + la

A

Del
De la

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7
Q

Noun + que está + proximity

The book that is there

A

El libro que está ahí (allí/allá)

Que está = that is

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8
Q

This. These
That. Those
That over there. Those over there

A

Este/a Estos/as
Ese/a Esos/as
Aquel/a Aquellos/as

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9
Q

Por vs para

A

Por - by, for, per

Para - for, to, of

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10
Q

Reflexive pronouns

Myself/Me
Yourself/you
Himself/herself/themself/itself / you
Ourselves / us
Themselves/yourselves / them

A

Me
Te
Nos
Se
Se

Reflexive pronouns

we use reflexive pronouns and verbs when referring to actions that we perform on ourselves. Likewise, the same rule can be applied to actions that other people perform on themselves. Another reason to quickly master reflexive pronouns and verbs is to help make your conversation sound more fluent by enabling shorter sentences.

Example:

Yo compré una camisa para mí. – I bought a shirt for me.

Yo me compré una camisa. – I bought myself a shirt.

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11
Q

Presente continuo

A

Conjugated estar + verb

Ar - ando
Er/ir - iendo

Está nevando - it’s snowing
Está lloviendo - it’s raining

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12
Q

how Can You shorten Direct objects?

A

Lo, la, los, las

goes before the verb
Yo la quiero - I want it
**when infinite present can be before or attached infinitive*
Quiero comprarlo - I want to buy it

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13
Q

Quiero vs Quisiera

A

Quiero - I want

Quisiera - I’d like; more polite to order food

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14
Q

Reflexive verb pronouns

Another verb + Reflexive verb

A

Me - myself
Te - yourself
Se - yourself
Nos - ourselves
Se - themselves

*All constructions can be …
Verb + reflexive verb(pronoun)
Prefiero acostarme temprano - I prefer to go to bed early

**Only a few combinations can be…
Pronoun + verb + reflexive verb
Common verbs - querer, poder
No me puedo acostar tarde - I can’t go to bed late

***some verbs can only attach reflexive pronoun to the end of reflexive verb:

Verb + reflexive verb(pronoun)
Preferir - to prefer
Necesitar - to need
Prefiero ducharme por la noche - I prefer to shower at night

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15
Q

Frequency grammar

Every + period

A

Todas/todos + plural period of time

Todos los meses - every month

*day of the week doesn’t need todos/as
*los domingos

**todo/a + period of time = something done through they entire period
**toda la semana - all week long

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16
Q

Gerund construction (ing words)

A

Estar + verb (ando, iendo)

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17
Q

How do adjectives relate to nouns?

A

The gender of the adjective is the same as noun it refers to.

La cocina es pequeña
El coche es rápido

*Adjectives that end in -e stay the same, add an -s to make plural

La baño es grade y los dormitorios son también grandes

  • making plural words that end in consanent just add an -es
  • making plural a word with a -z ending, change to -ces

Esta luz es luminosa y aquella luces son oscura

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18
Q

*Hay + item + en + a location

**En + a location + hay + item

A

*
Hay muchos cosas en la casa
No hay muchos gente en la playa

**

En el baño hay un regadera

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19
Q

Adding ningún/a to sentence

A

Emphasizes ANY

No hay ningúna sillas al restaurante

20
Q

What are the prepositions of place? (4 common)

A

Delante de or enfrente de- in front of
Detrás de - behind
Encima de - on
Debajo de - under
Al lado de - next to
Junto a - next to

21
Q

Formula for expressing where something is?

In front of/behind
Inside/outside
Next to

A

Item + está + preposition of place + de + location

Delante/detrás de
Adentro/afuera de
Al lado de/junto a

El tele está adentro de la caja
The TV is inside the box

22
Q

*Formula for Expressing something exists

**Formula for expressing a specific item

A

*Hay + un/a/os/as + thing
Hay un librero al lado de la cama
There is a bookcase next to the bed

**El/la/ellos/ellas + ítem + estar
El tele está enfrente del sillón
The TV is in front of the couch

23
Q

The imperative

Use?

Endings?

A

Used to give orders, recommendations, instructions, and advice

Ar
El/ella/usted: formal context = e
tome - take; tome estas pastillas

*tú - informal = a
Toma - take; toma estas pastillas

Er/ir - formal context = a
Beba - drink; beba más agua

*informal = e
Bebe - drink; bebe más agua

24
Q

This/these (close)
That/those (medium distance)
That over there (far away)

A

Esto/a/os/as
Eso/e/a/s
Aquel/la/s

25
Q

Question word: Agreeing with nouns and quantities

how much

Who
Which

A

Cuánto/s y Cuanta/s

Quién y Quiénes
Cuál y cuáles

26
Q

Formula: someone doing something

A

(Yo/tu/el/ella/usted/nosotros/ellos/as/ustedes) + estar + thing (ing)

Yo estoy viendo tele- I’m watching tv
We are running - nosotros estamos corriendo

27
Q

Past tense - pretérito indefinido

Ser and ir

A

Both use:

Fui - I was/went
Fuiste - you were/went
Fue he/she/you were/went
Fuimos - we were/went
Fueron - they were/went

28
Q

Past tense endings:

AR

Ir/er

A
  • é, aste, ó, amos, aron
  • í, iste, ió, imos, ieron
29
Q

Pronunciation of D

A

If between to vowels = th (father) sound - nada

If at the end of the word = th sound - ciudad

30
Q

Period in time vs point in time

A

Desde hace = for (Point in time)

Estoy mejor desde hace dos semanas - I’ve been better for two weeks

Desede = since (period in time )

Estoy enferma desde el sábado - I’ve been ill since Saturday

31
Q

Hace to describe a completed action in the past

Hace = ago (in this context)

Hace can be in the beginning of the sentence or towards the end

A

Estuve enferma hace unos meses - I was sick a few (unos - lit. some) months ago

Hace dos días fui al hospital- two days ago, I went to the hospital

32
Q

Desde / desde hace / hace construcciones

A

Desde - since
Desde hace - for
Hace- ago

Placement is either in the beginning of the sentence or towards the end before the unit of time

33
Q

Expressing an obligation

A

Hay + que + infinitive

Hay que caminar treinta minutos al día - you should walk 30 minutes a day

Hay que comer alimentos saludables- you should eat health foods

34
Q

Must vs should

A

Deber + infinitive - must do
Debe tomar estas pastillas

Hay que + infinitive - should do
Hay que comer alimentos saludables

35
Q

Direct object pronouns
- direct object answers, what or who? (What do I buy)

A

Yo - me (me)
Tu - te (you)
El/ella/usted - lo (him/it) /la (her/it)
Nuestro/a - nos (us)
Ellos/as/ustedes - los/las (them)

Quiero chocolates y los voy a comprar

**indirect pronoun comes before direct pronoun
Me gusta ese libro. ¿Me lo regalas?
- I like that book. Will you give it to me?

36
Q

Indirect object pronouns
- answers question, what or whom? (Who do I buy the gift for?)

A

Yo
Tu
El/ella/ustes - le(him/her/you
Nuestro
Ellos/ellas/usteds - les (them)

Nosotros le compramos un regalo - we buy him/her/you a gift

**indirect pronoun comes before direct pronoun
Me gusta ese libro. ¿Me lo regalas?
- I like that book. Will you give it to me?

37
Q

Indirect and direct pronouns in same sentence

A

*when there are two verbs conjugated, the pronouns are always before the verbs. Indirect always before direct

  • ¿tiene la tarjeta? Todavía no me la has dado.&raquo_space; do you have the card? You haven’t given it to me yet.

**when on verb is in infinitive form then the pronouns can be before or after verbs

  • no me gustan estos chocolates. ¿Te los puedo dar?&raquo_space; I don’t like these chocolates. Can I give them to you?
  • no me gustan estos chocolates. ¿Puedo dártelos?&raquo_space; I don’t like these chocolates. Can I give them to you?
38
Q

Talking about physical characteristics

Emphasizing and comparing characteristics

A

Ser + adjective

Es grande - it’s big
Es bonita - it’s nice/pretty

Ser + más/menos + adjective + que

Este escritorio es más ancho que ese - this desk is wider than that (one)

39
Q

Common adjectives

Old
New
Big
Small
Ugly
Pretty
Narrow
Wide
Comfortable
Uncomfortable

A

Viejo/a/s
Nuevo/a/s
Grande/s
Pequeño/a/s o chiquito/a/s
Feo/a/s
Bonito/a/s
Estrecho/a/s
Ancho/a/s
Cómodo/a/s
Incómodo/a/s

40
Q

Tan vs Así de

A

Tan - so

Así de - so/that (comparing)

Era tan sencillo - it was so simple
Era así de sencillo - it was that simple

La casa es tan grande - the house is so big
La casa es así de grande - the house is so big (comparing to another house)

41
Q

Comparative adjective use

Mayor/menor vs viejo/nuevo

A

Mayor/menor- used to describe age of people or animals (older/younger)

Más/menos viejo/a/s nuevo/a/s - used to describe age of things and places

Adjective + que = comparison

42
Q

Comparison sentences structure

A

… tan + adjective + como …

Mi computadora es tan* nueva como* esta - my computer is as* new as* these (ones)

43
Q

Forming superlatives (highest or lowest degree of quality)

A

Definite quality (el/la/los/las) + comparative form

Es el más grande - is the biggest
Es el mejor - is the best
Son los menores - are the youngest
Es la más bonita - is the nicest

Describing quality amongst all things use: lo

¡Eso es lo más importante! - that is the most important (thing)

¡Mis compañeros son lo mejor! - my colleagues are the best (thing)

44
Q

The gü can only come before e and i and is pronounced oo

The shame
The linguistics
The stork

A

La vergüenza
La lingüística
La cigüeña

45
Q

None/neither
Something
Nobody
Some
Anything/nothing

A

Ninguna/o - doest need to agree in number of noun

Algo - doesn’t change with noun

Nadie - doesn’t change with noun

Alguno/a/s - changes gender and number with noun

Nada - doesn’t change with noun

46
Q

Nada after a verb

A

Verb must be negative when nada (anything/something) is after the verb

No hay nada - there is nothing else

Spanish (26 decks)

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