Grammer

Question 1

the determiners mon, son or ce

Answer 1

modify masculine words

Question 2

indicative mood

Tammy se réveille tôt le matin. (present tense)

Answer 2

The indicative mood is the most common and is used to relate facts and objective statements.

Tammy gets up early in the morning.

Question 3

subjunctive mood

Il est dommage que les parents de Tex soient morts. (present tense)

Answer 3

Used more commonly in French than in English. It is used to express opinions and feelings (subjective thoughts).

It is too bad that Tex’s parents are dead.

Question 4

conditional mood

Si Corey était beau, il aurait une copine. (present tense)

Answer 4

used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact statements

If Corey were handsome, he would have a girlfriend.

Question 5

imperative mood

Tex, réveille-toi!

Answer 5

used to give direct orders or commands

Tex, get up!

Question 6

active voice

Les autorités ont expulsé Tex de France.

Answer 6

Refers to the situation where the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb

The authorities expelled Tex from France.

Question 7

passive voice

Tex a été expulsé de France (par les autorités).

Answer 7

refers to the situation where the subject receives the action of the verb

Tex was expelled from France (by the authorities).

Question 8

infinitive form of a verb

Answer 8

Verbs are called infinitives because, like the concept of infinity, they are not bound by time.

Question 9

finite or conjugated form of a verb

Answer 9

called finite because they refer to events anchored in time, that is, to events that have a particular tense: past, present, future.

Question 10

paradigms

Answer 10

a grammatical term for pattern. A paradigm always includes the infinitive followed by the conjugations according to person which is divided into first, second and third, as well as number, which is the distinction between singular and plural.

Question 11

1st person pronouns

Answer 11

je (s.), nous (p.)

Question 12

2nd person pronouns

Answer 12

tu (s.) , vous (p.)

Question 13

3rd person pronouns

Answer 13

il (s.), elle (s.), on (s.)
ils (p.) elles (p.)

Question 14

first conjugation

Answer 14

(-er verbs)

Question 15

second conjugation

Answer 15

(-ir verbs)

Question 16

third conjugation

Answer 16

(-re verbs)

Question 17

participles

Answer 17

A participle is a special verb form that is derived from the infinitive but is not conjugated. Participles have only two forms, named according to their uses: the present participle and the past participle.

Question 18

present participle

Answer 18

ends in -ant and is frequently used as an adjective. French present participles are usually translated by the -ing form of the English verb. Note that the adjectival form of the present participle must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. In the example, the participle is made to agree with the plural noun (les animaux) by adding -s.

Les tatous sont des animaux fascinants.

Armadillos are fascinating animals.

Question 19

past participle

Answer 19

used to form compound tenses, such as the ‘passé composé’. A past participle can also be used as an adjective in certain contexts. When used as an adjective, the participle agrees in number and gender with the noun it qualifies.

Tex a perdu une lettre d’amour de Bette.
(Tex lost a love letter from Bette.)
Et Tammy a trouvé la lettre perdue!
(And Tammy found the lost letter!)

Question 20

auxiliaries and modals

Answer 20

Auxiliaries, often called ‘helping verbs’, are verbs that combine with the main verb to form a verb phrase. There are two groups of auxiliary verbs: common auxiliaries and modals. The two common auxiliary verbs in French, avoir (to have) and être (to be) are used to form many tenses.

Question 21

simple tense

Answer 21

A tense that has only a main verb and no auxiliary

Joe-Bob écoute de la musique country.
( Joe-Bob listens to country music.)

Question 22

compound tense

Answer 22

A verb tense that is composed of a main verb and its auxiliary

Joe-Bob a écouté de la musique country.
(Joe-Bob has listened to country music.)

Question 23

Modals

Answer 23

special auxiliary verbs that express the attitude of the speaker. In short, modal verbs are ‘moody verbs’. For example, modal verbs indicate subtle shades of meaning concerning such things as the likelihood of an event or the moral obligation of an event. The most frequent modal verbs in English are the following: should, could, may, might, ought to, must.

Tex peut quitter la France. (Tex can leave France.)
Tex devrait quitter la France! (Tex should leave France!)
Tex doit quitter la France!! (Tex must leave France!!)

Question 24

adjective

Answer 24

A word that describes a noun or pronoun.

The major differences between adjectives in French and English concern agreement and placement. In French, an adjective is usually placed after the noun it modifies and must agree in gender and number with the noun. In English, an adjective usually comes before the noun it modifies and is invariable, that is, it does not agree.

Adjectives agree in both number and gender with the noun or pronoun they modify.

For regular adjectives the masculine form is the base form to which endings are added.

The feminine adjective is formed by adding an e.

The plural adjective is formed by adding s.

Question 25

negation

Answer 25

ne … pas (don’t, not)
ne … jamais (never)
ne … rien (nothing)
ne … personne (nobody, no one)
ne … pas du tout (not at all)
ne … plus (no more, any longer)
ne … aucun(e) (not one)
ne … ni … ni (neither … nor)
ne … que (only)
one word negative responses: si, jamais, personne, rien

Question 26

preposition

Answer 26

a word used to establish relationships between nouns, between nouns and verbs and between different parts of a sentence.

Prepositions usually have spatial or temporal meanings (e.g. beneath, between, in front of, before, after, during, etc).

Prepositions are invariable, that is, they have one form with the exception of à and de which contract with the definite articles (le, la, les).

Translating prepositions is notoriously tricky. Never assume that French will use the same preposition as English to express a particular meaning. In fact, there are many cases where one language requires a preposition where the other does not. This is particularly problematic with infinitives followed by prepositions. memorization.

Question 27

pronoun

Answer 27

A word used to replace a noun. It is commonly used to avoid repeating a previously mentioned noun known as the antecedent.

Question 28

subject pronouns

Answer 28

je, tu, il, elle, on (I, you, he, she, one)
nous, vous, ils, elles (we, you, they (m), they (f))

Question 29

direct object pronouns

Answer 29

me, te, le, la (me, you, him / it, her / it)
nous, vous, les (us, you, them (m) / (f))

Question 30

indirect object pronouns

Answer 30

me, te, lui (to me, to you, to him / her)
nous, vous, leur (to us, to you, to them (m) / (f))

Question 31

the pronouns y and en

Answer 31

y (there (replaces preposition + location))
en (some, any, not any (replaces ‘de’ + noun))

Question 32

disjunctive pronouns

Answer 32

moi, toi, lui, elle, soi (me, you, he, she, one)
nous, vous, eux, elles (we, you, them (m), them (f))

Question 33

reflexive pronouns

Answer 33

me, te, se (myself, yourself, himself, herself)
nous, vous, se (ourselves, yourselves, themselves)

Question 34

interrogative pronouns

Answer 34

qui (who)
que (what)

Question 35

demonstrative pronouns

Answer 35

celui, celle (this one / that one (m,f))
ceux (these, those)

Question 36

relative pronouns

Answer 36

qui, que (who, whom, which)
lequel, laquelle (which)

Question 37

indefinite pronouns

Answer 37

quelqu’un (someone)
quelque chose (something)