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lang: termanology > grammatical structures > Flashcards

grammatical structures Flashcards

1
Q

what is grammar?

A

the study of how various parts of a sentence are put together (the placement of individual words and phrases)

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2
Q

what is syntax?

A

word order

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3
Q

what is declarative sentence mood?

A

statements such as “the cat is brown”

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4
Q

what is imparitive sentence mood?

A

commands such as “don’t say that”

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5
Q

what is interrogative sentence mood?

A

questions such as “what time is it?”

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6
Q

what is exclamatory sentence mood?

A

emotional outburst “how very interesting!”

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7
Q

what is a minor sentence?

A

short incomplete sentences such as “victory!”

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8
Q

what is a simple sentence?

A

one main clause as there’s only one main verb such as “he gave me a hug”

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9
Q

what is a compound sentence?

A

a sentence with two main clauses connected with a conjunction “i went into town and i bought some bread”

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10
Q

what is a complex sentence?

A

a sentence with an independent clause and a subordinate clause such as “ the tourist, who came from russia, spoke good english”

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11
Q

what is a pre-modified noun phrase?

A

words that edit the noun before the noun “the suspicious individual”

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12
Q

what is a postmodified noun phrase?

A

words describing the noun go after the noun “the individual wearing dark glasses”

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13
Q

what is a complex noun phrase?

A

when the noun is both pre-modified and postmodified “the suspicious individual wearing dark glasses”

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14
Q

what is a definite noun phrase?

A

using the defininate article to describe it “the red car”

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15
Q

what is the indefinite noun phrase?

A

using the indefinite article to describe the noun “a red car”

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16
Q

what is an evaluative noun phrase?

A

using words to give an opinion about the noun “the dodgy bloke”

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17
Q

what is a defining noun phrase?

A

using actual facts to describe the noun “the tall bloke”

18
Q

what is the active voice?

A

the subject does the verb “someone will televise the game”

19
Q

what is the passive voice

A

the verb is done to the subject ”the game will be televised”

20
Q

what is ellipsis?

A

when words are missing from a sentence “seen jamie?”

21
Q

what is triadic/ quadratic structure?

A

patterns of 3/4 in sentences “thick, dark, red blood spilled from the wound”

22
Q

what is parenthetical structure?

A

when areas of the sentence are bracketed off with punctuation ” the snow, slowly and gently, began to fall on the ground”

23
Q

what is fronting/end focus?

A

parts of the sentence that are placed at the start or the end for effect” jobs, that’s what we want”

24
Q

what is quoted speech?

A

when a speakers speech is quoted in quotation marks “the team said ‘it was a hard game’”

25
Q

what is an anaphoric reference?

A

a reference to a noun previously stated “the man lay down, he was tired”

26
Q

what is a cataphoric reference?

A

references to the noun before it has been introduced “he lay down, the man was tired”

27
Q

what is parallel syntax?

A

parallel patterns in word order “live by the sword, die by the sword”

28
Q

what is unusual/ archaic syntax?

A

old or strange word order “thou shalt not pass”

29
Q

what is a conditional sentence?

A

a sentence starting with if and then presenting a condition(if he starts singing, im leaving)

30
Q

what is an existential sentence?

A

states the existence of something

31
Q

can

A

ability, possibility, permission

32
Q

could

A

ability(past), possibility, polite permission

33
Q

may

A

permission, possibility

34
Q

might

A

polite permission, possibility

35
Q

will

A

certainty, willingness

36
Q

would

A

conditionality, willingness

37
Q

shall

A

certainty, obligation

38
Q

should

A

advice, weak obligation, logical conclusion

39
Q

must

A

strong obligation, logical conclusion

40
Q

what are prepositions

A

used to show relationships between nouns and pronouns

41
Q

what is a prepositional phrase

A

preposition +noun phrase “opposite the libuary”

lang: termanology (6 decks)

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