Grammatical Development Flashcards
What are the four phases?
Holophrastic
Two-word
Telegraphic
Post-telegraphic
What is the holophrastic phase?
This is between 12 to 18 months.
Children make one word utterances during this phase though there are several meanings behind each single word.
Examples: no, mama, cake
What is the two-word stage?
This is between 18 and 24 months.
Two words, either a subject or an object and a verb, combine together to create simple syntactical structures. E.g. Daddy kick or sit chair
Roger Brown found that children from all cultures and countries make the same relationships in meaning during this stage.
What is the telegraphic stage?
This is during 24 to 36 months .
Three or more words are joined together and these phrases are increasingly complex/accurate. Either SVO (subject, verb and object), SVC (subject, verb and complement) or SVA (subject, verb and adverbial).
Children’s utterances are like telegraphs during this stage and all the content words are present but the function words are missing.
What is the post-telegraphic stage?
This stage occurs post 36+ months.
Children make more grammatically complex utterances here. They use coordinating conjunctions (and, but), subordinating conjunctions (because, although), the passive voice, construct longer noun phrases and make virtuous errors.
Jean Berko created the Wug Test and tested children in this stage to investigate nativism.
What is morphology?
Morphology is defined as the study of grammatical structures of words while syntax is the study of grammatical relations between the words
Difference between bound and free morphemes?
A free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
Bound morphemes cannot stand on their own - they do not make sense when they’re on their own.
In unreliability, rely and able are free morphemes while un and ity are bound morphemes.
Early Morphological Development
Roger Brown identified the stages of children’s morphological development and identified the ages at which children acquire the 14 grammatical morphemes.
First 3 are usually acquired in the first 2 years. Last 2 might not be acquired until 50 months (4 years).
What is a morpheme?
A morpheme is the smallest, indivisible unit of meaning. It can be a root word, a suffix or a prefix
(like, unlike, likely). It is NOT the same as a syllable.
