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Arabic > Grammatica > Flashcards

Grammatica Flashcards

1
Q

عامل و معْمول
عمل

A

governing and governed
state

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2
Q

Utterance (لفظ) has either no meaning or meaning

A

no meaning = مهمل
meaning = مُسْتَعمل

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3
Q

An utterance with meaning (مستعمل) is further divided in two categories

A

Single words = مفرد
مركب = Compound

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4
Q

The single word (مفرد) is also named كلمة and is divided in three categories

A

اسم
فعل
حرف

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5
Q

Compound, or fragments (مركب) are divided in two

A

مفيد
غير مفيد

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6
Q

definite & indefinite ?

A

definite is معرِفَةٌ
indefinite is نكِرَةٌ

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7
Q

4 categories ofمركب غير مفيد

A
  1. annexed compound (مُرَكَّب اضاف)
    *fragment not always indicating possession
    e.g. بَعْدَ العغربِ
    some fragments denoting possession aren’t اضاف constructs
  2. adjective compound (مركب تَوْصِيفي)
    Composed of one qualified noun (مَوْصوف) and minimum one adjective (صِفَة)
  3. indeclinable compound (مركب بِنائِي)
    Two words originally separated by a conjunction, like احد عشر
  4. constructed compound (مركب مَنْع صرف)
    Two words forming a new word
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8
Q

مركب مفيد (sentence)
Two types

A
  1. Informative sentence جملة خَبَرِيَة
  2. Affective sentence جملة اِنْشائِيَة
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9
Q

جملة خبرية

A
  1. Nominal sentence جملة اسمية
  2. Verbal sentence جملة فِعْلِيَة
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10
Q

جملة اسمية

A

مبتداء + خبر
They have to agree in gender and number
They are both مرفوع
The خبر can either be a sentence or a single word

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11
Q

جملة فعلية

A

There is no فِعل without a فاعل, whether it’s hidden or apparent
The فاعل never precede the فعل

There can be a مفهول به if the verb is مُتَعَدي (transitive)

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12
Q

Categories of indeclinable words (6)

A
  1. All particles
  2. Past tense verb
  3. Imperative (second person active)
  4. The two feminine plurals of the perfect tense
  5. Any verb suffixed with the emphatic ن
  6. Indeclinable nouns (أَسْماء غَيْر مُتَمَكِّنَة)
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13
Q

(8) أسماء غير متمكّنة

A

pronouns ضمائر
demonstrative pronouns اسماء اِشارات
relative pronouns اسماء مَوْصولة
onomatopoeical nounsاسماء اَصْوات
adverbs of time and place اسماء ظروف
nouns resembling verbs اسماء اَفْعال
nouns of number اسماء كِنايات
indeclinable construct مركب بِنائي

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14
Q

Types of definite nouns (7)

A
  1. personal pronouns مُضْمَرات
  2. names علم
  3. demonstrative pronouns اسماء اشارات
  4. relative pronouns اسماء مَوْصولة
  5. nouns prefixed with the definite article المُعَرَّف بِالام
  6. nouns that are preceded by the vocative particle المُعَرَّف بِنِداء
  7. indefinite nouns when annexed with definite nouns
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15
Q

مُئَنَّث signs of

A
  1. pronounced tā التاء مَلْفوظة
  2. the shortened alif الالف المقصورة
  3. the lengthened alif الالف الممدودة
  4. the implied tā التاء المقدرة
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16
Q

Inflection (اعراب) shows in 3 ways

A

Explicit لفظي
Implicit تقديري
Omission حَدْفي (verbs)

17
Q

Main reasons for تقديري inflection

A

ثقل
تعدُر
اشتِغال المحل بالهركة المناسبة

18
Q

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب —فتحة لفظي
جر —كسرة لفظي

A

Singular sound declinable nouns
Singular quasi sound declinable nouns (ناقص and middle letter is ساكن)
Declinable broken plural (رِجال)

19
Q

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب — كسرة لفظي
جر — كسرة لفظي

A

Sound feminine plural

20
Q

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب — فتحة لفظي
*جر — فتحة لفظي

A

Diptote

Accepts kasra in two scenarios
ال
مضاف

21
Q

رفع — واو لفظي
نصب — الف لفظي
جر — ياء لفظي

A

6 special nouns

Conditions for this speciality
1. has to be مفرد
2. has to be مضاف except the ياء متكلم
3. can’t be a diminutive مُكَبَرَة

22
Q

رفع — الف لفظي
نصب — ya preceded by fatha
جر — ya preceded by fatha

A

Real dual
Visual dual
Number dual

23
Q

رفع — واو لفظي
نصب — ya preceded by kasra
جر — ya preceded by kasra

A

Real masculine plural
Visual masculine plural
Number plural

Only 3 scenarios of جر
مضاف اليه
preceded by a preposition
follower of a مجرور noun

24
Q

رفع — ضمة تقديري
نصب — فتحة تقديري
جر — كسرة لفظي

A

The shortened noun
Nouns (other than sound masculine plural) annexed ياء متكلم person pronoun

25
Q

تعذر

A

reason for prevention of لفظي هركة for the shortened noun
ends in a necessary alif
not a hamza, alif is essentially ساكن

26
Q

ِاشتِغال المحل بالهركة المُناسبة

A

reason for prevention of لفظي هركة
necessary كسرة due to the ياء متكلم
(occupied with another هركة)

27
Q

ثِقَل

A

means heavy
ناقص
word ends with ي part of root letter

28
Q

رفع — ضمة تقديري
نصب — فتحة لفظي
جر — كسرة تقديري

A

Defective noun
اسم فاعل of ناقص

Arabic (8 decks)

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