Grammar1

Question 1

이에요 / 예요
Ieyo/ yeyo
(Non-Formal)

Answer 1

• Represents a statement or question

• N(~Consonant) + <이에요>
• N(~Vowel) + <예요></예요></이에요>

• if End of Sentence is ascented 🔺 = Question

• if End of Sentence is ascented 🔻 = Answer

저는 한국 사람이에요
I am Korean
어느 나라 사람이에요?
Which country are you from
이름이 뭐예요?
What’s your name?

Question 2

은/는
eun/neun

Answer 2

• Indicates the topic and theme of the sentence

Difference from <이/가>
• Used to state general facts
• Often used after the subject has been declared and known to the people conversing.
• Used to answer a question
•• Used as markers to use with descriptive sentences
•• Cannot be used as subject particles to use with actions
((•• - not always the case))

• N subject of the sentence (~Consonant) + <은>
• N subject of the sentence(~Vowel) + <는></는></은>

저는 선생님이에요.
I am a teacher.
헬벨트는 학생이에요.
Herbert is a student.
지민은 의사예요?
Is Jimin a doctor?

Question 3

이/ 가 아니에요
ee/ga anieyo
(Non-Formal)

Answer 3

• Used to deny the preceding word.

• N (~Consonant) + <이>
• N (~Vowel) + <가></가></이>

저는 한국 사람이 아니에요.
I am not a korean.
안드레이는 미국 사람이 아니에요. 필리핀 사람이에요.
Andrei is not an american. He is a Filipino
호바 씨는 의사가 아니에요. 가수예요.
Hoba is not a doctor. He is a singer.

Question 4

입니다
(Formal)

Answer 4

• Represents a statement.
• Same as 이에요/예요 but can’t be used to ask question. Difference is formality too.

• N + <입니다></입니다>

저는 뷔입니다.
정국 씨는 가수입니다.
재석 씨는 한국 사람입니다.

Question 5

입니까
(Formal)

Answer 5

• Represents a question.
• Same as 이에요/예요 but can’t be used to represent a statement. Difference is formality too.
•Statement or Answer uses 입니다

• N + <입니까>?</입니까>

혜교 씨는 일본 사람입니까?
Hye Kyo, are you Japanese?
수민 씨는 회사원입니까?
Sumin, are you an office worker?
로이 씨는 가수입니까?
Is Mr. Roy a singer?

Question 6

이/가 아닙니다
(Formal)

Answer 6

• Used to deny the preceding word.
• Same with 이/가 아니에요, difference is formality.

• N (~Consonant) + <이>
• N (~Vowel) + <가></가></이>

저는 한국 사람이 아닙니다.
I am not a korean.
안드레이는 미국 사람이 아닙니다. 필리핀 사람이입니다.
Andrei is not an american. He is a Filipino.
호바 씨는 의사가 아닙니다. 가수입니다.
Hoba is not a doctor. He is a singer.

Question 7

에 가요

Answer 7

• Refers to a place.
• Indicates that someone/something is going to that place. Can be used as a statement or question

•에 - refers to place.
- place + <에>
•가 - to go</에>

저는 집에 가요.
I am going home.
하하 씨는 식당에 가요?
Mr. Haha, are you going to the restaurant?
지효 씨는 회사에 가요?
Jihyo, are you going to work?

Question 8

아요 / 어요
(Informal)

Answer 8

• Present tense
• Used to state or question the action/state

• V/Adj (~Vowel ✅[‘ㅏ, ㅗ’] before the last ‘다’ = ➖<다>, ➕<아요>
놀다 = 놀아요
가 = 가요
• V/Adj (~Vowel ❎['ㅏ, ㅗ'] before the last '다' = ➖<다>, ➕<어요>
먹다 = 먹어요
마시다 = 마셔요 [ㅣ + ㅓ = ㅕ]
배우다 = 배워요 [ㅜ + ㅓ = ㅜㅓ]
• V/Adj (~하다) = <해요>
공부하다 = 공부해요</해요></어요></다></아요></다>

하교에 가요.
I’m going to school.
물을 마셔요.
I’m drinking water.
공원에서 운동해요.
I’m exercising/working out in the park.

Question 9

을 / 를

Answer 9

• Indicates the object of the sentence

• N object of the sentence (~Consonant) + <을>
• N object of the sentence(~Vowel) + <를></를></을>

저는 커피를 마셔요.
I am drinking coffee.
슈가 씨는 영화를 봐요?
Suga, are you watching a movie?
정키 씨는 운동해요.
Jeongki works out.

Question 10

안-

Answer 10

• Used to deny or indicate the opposite meaning

• <안> + V/Adj
• V(formed by N + '하다') = N + '안 하다'
자다 = 안자다
공부하다 = 공부 안 하다</안>

저는 밥을 안 먹거요.
I’m not going to eat
주리스 씨는 공부 안 해요?
Juries, are you not studying?
안나 씨는 커피를 안 마셔요.
Anna does not drink coffee.

Question 11

에서

Answer 11

• Prepositional Particle
• Indicates where the action happens.

• N(place) + <에서></에서>

카페에서 커피를 마셔요.
I am drinking coffee at the cafe.
안드레이 씨는 영화관에서 영화를 봐요.
Andrei is watching a movie at the cinema.
세찬 씨는 식당에서 밥을 머거요?
Sechan, did you eat at the restaurant?

Question 12

이 / 가

Answer 12

• Nominative particle
• To indicate/mark the subject of the sentence

Difference from <은/는>
• Used to state specific facts
• Used to introduce new information
• Used to ask a question
•• Cannot be used as markers to use with descriptive sentences
•• Used as subject particles to use with actions
((•• - not always the case))

• N (~consonant) + <이>
• N (~vowel) + <가></가></이>

In Converstion
❗이/가 can be omitted, if the meaning of the sentence is clear

책이 있어요.
There is a book.
물이 없어요?
Is there no water?
차가 이써요.
There is a car.

❗Convo: 책상 있어요.
There is a desk.

Question 13

에 있다/없다

Answer 13

• Shows where someone/something is.
• Also used to ask where someone/ something is.

• N (place) + <에 있다/없다>

• 에 있다 - someone/something is in a certain location.
• 에 없다 - someone/something is NOT in a certain location.

아이가 의자에 앉아있다.
The child is sitting in the chair.
뷔가 학교에 없어요.
V is not at school.
재원 씨가 화장실에 이써요?
Is Jaewon in the restroom?

Question 14

은/는 얼마예요?

Answer 14

• Used to ask the selling price.

• N (~consonant) + <은>
• N (~vowel) + <는></는></은>

❗은/는 can be omitted(생략)
~물 얼마예요? How much is the water?

Q: 책은 얼마예요?
How much is the book?
A: 만오천 원이에요.
It’s 15,000 won.
Q: 사과가 얼마예요?
How much is the apple?
A: 만삼천 원이에요.
It’s 13,000 won.
Q: 가방이 얼마예요?
How much is the bag?
A: 오만 육천 원이에요.
It’s 56,000 won.

Question 15

주세요

Answer 15

• Please give –
• Used to ask the other person to give something to the person asking.

•N + 주세요

물 주세요.
Please give me water.
밥 주세요.
Give me rice, please.
Q: 뭐 드릴까요?
What can I get for you?
A: 빵 주세요.
Give me bread, please.

Question 16

하고

Answer 16

• AND
• Used to connect nouns

• N + <하고> + N</하고>

빵하고 우유가 주세요.
Can you give me bread and milk please.
맥주하구 과자가 없어요.
There’s no beer and snacks.
케이크하구 커피 있어요?
Do you have cake and coffee?

Question 17

•이
•그
•저

Answer 17

•Demonstrative pronouns
•이 (THIS) - to point something near the speaker.
•그 (THAT) - to point something near the listener.
•저 (THOSE) - to point something far from both the speaker and listener.

이 사람은 한국 사람이에요?
이 사람은 한국 사람입니까?
Is this person Korean?
저 시계는 남준 씨 시계이에요.
That watch over there is Namjoon’s
그 가위는 누구 가윙이에요?
Whose scissors are those?