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English > Grammar-word Classes > Flashcards

Grammar-word Classes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are open word classes?

A

Some word classes are open as new words can be added. Such as nouns, adverbs, verbs and adjectives.

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2
Q

What are closed word classes?

A

Word classes that are made up of a finite set of words that cannot be expanded. Such as determiners, pronouns, prepositions and conjunctions

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3
Q

What is FANBOYS and what does it stand for?

A

Mnemonic used to remember seven common coordinating conjunctions in English
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

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4
Q

What are subordinating conjunctions?

A

Words or phrases that connect subordinate clauses (dependent clauses) to main clauses (independent clause)

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5
Q

What are conjunctions?

A

Words that connect sentences, clauses or individual words together. They act as bridges, enabling us to form longer, more descriptive sentences.

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6
Q

Determiners

A

Specify a noun as known or unknown and goes before any modifiers (e.g. adjectives not other nouns)

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7
Q

Give an example of determiners: ARTICLES

A

The, a, an

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8
Q

Give an example of determiners: DEMONSTRATIVE

A

This, those, these, that

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9
Q

Give an example of determiners: POSSESSIVE

A

My, yours, his, her, its, our, their

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10
Q

Give an example of determiners: QUANTIFIERS

A

Some, every, any, few, little, more, much

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11
Q

Give an example of determiners: NUMBERS

A

One, two, three, four, twenty, hundred

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12
Q

Give an example of determiners: ORDINALS

A

First, second, third, last, next

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13
Q

Pronouns

A

A pronoun takes the place of a noun in a sentence. Used to describe either individuals or groups of people, rather than using their names.
It, she, he, you, we, they, us, them

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14
Q

Give examples of possessive pronouns

A

Mine, yours, ours, his/hers, theirs

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15
Q

What are prepositions?

A

It describes locations, directions and relations of time.

A proposition is a word that is placed before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show the link to some other word in the sentence.

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16
Q

List examples of propositions

A

Under, above, in front of, behind, beside, between, outside, toward, within, underneath, past, over, since, during

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17
Q

What are the closed word classes?

A

Determiners, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns

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18
Q

What are the open word classes?

A

Nouns, adverbs, verbs, adjectives

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19
Q

What are nouns?

A

They are naming words because they name people, places, and ‘things’

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20
Q

Examples of a common nouns

A

boy
day

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21
Q

Examples of a proper nouns

A

Ivan
Wednesday

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22
Q

Examples of abstract nouns

A

Wonder, hope, love, truth, greed, curiosity, peace, delight, deceit, disappointment

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23
Q

Examples of common nouns (containers)

A

doorway, stage, library, museum, world, window, garden, throne, sea, land, box

24
Q

What are adjectives?

A

Adjectives are describing words because they pick out a single characteristic such as size or colour

25
Q

What is a subordinating clause?

A

Begins with a subordinating conjunction. A part of a sentence that adds additional information to the main clause

26
Q

Clause

A

Part of a sentence that has its own verb

27
Q

What is an adverbial?

A

Phrase that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb (saying how, how often, how and when something is done)
‘During the week’
‘Right here’
‘Surprisingly well’

28
Q

Where is the adverbial in this sentence?
The bus leaves in five minutes.

A

In five minutes

29
Q

What is the adverbial in this sentence?
Before the rain started, we played outside.

A

Before the rain started

30
Q

What is an adverb?

A

Tells us how, when, where, how often or how much.
Tells us more about verbs (runs quickly) and modify adjectives (extremely small) of another adverb (very closely)

31
Q

Article

A

Words used before a noun or any modifier
A, the, an

32
Q

Definite article

A

Used to imply a known instance
‘The book is on the table’

33
Q

Indefinite article

A

Used to imply lack of specificity
‘Bring me a book’

34
Q

Sentences

A

A sentence is made up of words put together to do a certain job

35
Q

Words

A

Smallest meaningful unit of a sentence

36
Q

A phrase

A

A phrase is a single piece of information made up of more than one word. It will not contain a subject or a verb (unlike a clause)

37
Q

A noun phrase

A

A word or a group of words that can function as the subject, the object, or the complement in a sentence

38
Q

A noun phrase may consist of more than one word. One of these words, a noun or a pronoun, is the ____

A

Headword

39
Q

Which is the headword in this sentence:
The very tall girl

A

Girl

40
Q

Suffix

A

A morpheme that can be added to the end of the root word.
When you add a suffix to a word you can change its meaning and make a new word

41
Q

Example of a suffix

A

Fast- fastER
Hope + less= hopeless
Advert+ ise= advertise

42
Q

A prefix

A

A prefix is a morpheme that can be added to the beginning word- this changes its meaning and makes a new word
Dis + appear= disappear
Im + possible = impossible
Un + well= unwell

43
Q

Paragraph

A

A group of linked sentences that are usually about the same thing.

A new paragraph starts when you are writing about a new idea, person, place or event.

44
Q

Morpheme

A

A unit of meaning that cannot be divided further.
Bits that make up words
Read and ING in reading
Read and S in reads.
A word consists of one or more morphemes.
Some are words but others are not.

45
Q

Fronted adverbial

A

When an adverbial word or phrase is moved to the front of the sentence, before the verb

46
Q

What is the grammar term for this?

In the morning, after she left the house, all of a sudden

A

Fronted adverbial- time

47
Q

What is the grammar term for those?

Behind the flowerpots, in the distance, around the corner

A

Fronted adverbial-place

48
Q

Relative clause

A

A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause. It is connected to the main clause by a relative pronouns:
That, which, who, whom or whose
I enjoyed the film THAT WE SAW LAST NIGHT

49
Q

Relative pronoun

A

Relative pronoun introduce more information about the noun
The bird THAT sat on the branch was eating an apple

50
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question
Example: haven’t, should have, is, does, do, be

51
Q

Modal verb

A

Type of auxiliary verb
Can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must, ought to.

52
Q

Modal verbs are used for expressing possibility, ability or likelihood. Give an example

A

Can, could, may, might, should

53
Q

Modal verbs are used for expressing necessity. Give examples

A

Must, ought to, should

54
Q

Modal verbs are used for expressing the future. Give an example

A

Shall, will, would

55
Q

What is the difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions?

A

The type of sentence they create and the relationship between the joined elements.

COR
Join two parts of a sentence that are of equal importance, creating a compound sentence (FANBOYS)
‘The table was nice but it was wet’

SUB
Join a dependent clause to an independent clause, creating a complex sentence.
They are placed at the beginning of the dependent clause and clarify information about the sentence, such as time, condition, or cause
‘The table was wet because it was raining’

English (3 decks)

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