GRAMMAR TERMS

Question 1

What is a present participle?

Answer 1

An adjective that is formed by adding
-ing to a verb.

Examples: We have a winning team.

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Question 2

What is an infinitive?

Answer 2

Basic form of the verb from which all other forms are derived.

It is usually combined with the preposition to.

It often interchangeable with a gerund

Walking is good exercise.

To walk is good exercise.

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Question 3

What is an infinitive phrase?

Answer 3

The phrases formed by infinitives with their related words.

These phrases can be used in most of the ways nouns are used.

To teach a dog tricks requires endless patience.

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Question 4

What is a gerund?

Answer 4

A noun that is formed by adding -ing to a verb

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Question 5

What is an appositive?

Answer 5

A noun or pronoun set after another noun or pronoun to explain it.

Example: His last hope, rescue by the Marines, was soon to be realized.

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Question 6

What is an article?

Answer 6

Articles are words that define nouns as specific or not specific

The, a, an, some

Question 7

What is a phrase?

Answer 7

A phrase is a group of words that stand together as a single unit, typically as part of a clause or a sentence.

A phrase dos not contain a subject and a verb and, consequently, cannot convey a complete thought.

A phrase contrasts with a clause. A clause contains a subject and verb, and it can convey a complete idea.

Question 8

What is a sentence?

Answer 8

Gives a sense of completeness. Names something and says something about it.

Question 9

What is a clause?

Answer 9

A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.

It differs from a phrase which does not include a subject and a very.

An independent clause can express a complete thought and can be a standalone sentence.

Question 10

What is an elliptical clause?

Answer 10

A clause in which some words have been left out.

Example: While looking for a job, Ted had many disappointments.

From: While HE was looking for a job,…

Question 11

What is a direct object?

Answer 11

A complement that receives the action of a verb.

Always a noun or pronoun

Always am action verb

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Question 12

What is an indirect object?

Answer 12

A noun phrase that is affected by the action of a transitive verb but is not the primary object.

Example:

Him in “give him the book.”

Question 13

What is a copula?

Answer 13

A linking verb.

Typically a form of be - like is or was.

Can also be one of the five senses (sounds, feels) or a state of being (acts, feels).

Links the noun or pronoun with the subject of the sentence.

Henry is happy.

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Question 14

What is a subject complement?

Answer 14

In grammar, a subject complement or predicative of the subject is a predicative expression that follows a linking verb and that complements the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it. It completes the meaning of the subject.

Question 15

What is a compound sentence?

Answer 15

Subject and verb before and after the conjunction

Question 16

What is an adverbial clause?

Answer 16

A dependent clause that contains a subject and verb and modifies a verb, an adjective or another clause.

Question 17

What is a participle?

Answer 17

A word that has the characteristics of an adjective and a verb

“The finished product”

Question 18

What is an appositive?

Answer 18

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A noun or pronoun set after another noun or pronoun to explain it.

Example: His last hope, rescue by the Marines, was soon to be realized.

Question 19

What is a pronoun?

Answer 19

A word that takes the place of a noun

Question 20

Give examples of helping verbs

Answer 20

Will break
Might break
Can bake
Should bake
Could have baked
Also called auxiliary verbs

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Question 21

What is a complete verb?

Answer 21

Main verb plus helping verbs

Question 22

♨️A verb that completes the meaning of a sentence is

known as a ____

Answer 22

Complement

Question 23

What is an indirect object?

Answer 23

A word that shows To whom or what or for whom or what something is done

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Question 24

What is a preposition?

Answer 24

A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word.

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Question 25

What is a verbal?

Answer 25

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A verbal is a word that crossed the boundary and become another class of word without completely losing its identity as a verb. Three types.

1. A verbal functions as both a verb and an adjective.

Question 26

What is a relative pronoun?

Answer 26

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A relative pronoun is a pronoun that starts an adjective clause. It is called relative because it relates to or connects the adjective clause to the sentence.

Example:

I have a friend who raises tropical fish.

Question 27

What is a subordinating conjunction and what does it do?

Answer 27

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Because, when, if, unless. so that, as if, after

DIFFERENT FROM COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, or

Subordinating conjunctions show more specifically the relationship between two facts or ideas

Question 28

What is a gerund phrase?

Answer 28

The phrases formed by gerunds with their related words.

These phrases can be used as nouns.

“Walking on the beach is pleasant.”

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Question 29

What is a noun clause?

Answer 29

A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition.