Grammar Terms Flashcards
-https://lingopie.com/blog/german-cases-simply-explained-a-guide-to-german-cases/
1
Q
Infinitive
A
- Any verb not bound to a particular subject or tense
- Typically preceded by “to” in English
- Intention
- Ex. to be, to have, to hold
- Ex. in German “for what purpose” um … zu
2
Q
Imperative
A
- Used to express commands, requests, instructions, or advice
- Ex. leave him alone
3
Q
Separable prefix
A
- Verbs that add a prefix to the front of the verb, which changes its meaning
- Ex. kommen = to come vs mitkommen = come with
4
Q
Modal
A
- Used with the main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity
- Ex. must, will, should, may, might, can
5
Q
Basic present tense endings
A
ich - e
du - st
er/sie/es - t
wir - en
ihr - t
Sie/sie - en
6
Q
Consonant
A
Any letter that is not a vowel
7
Q
Adverb
A
- A word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence
- Often formed by adding “ly” to the end of an adjective
8
Q
Verb
A
- A word that expresses an action, state of being, or occurrence
- Ex. drive, exist, develop, ripen, kick, have, etc.
9
Q
Noun
A
A person, place, or thing
10
Q
Adjective
A
- A word that describes a noun or pronoun
- By providing information about its quality, quantity, or identity
- Ex. enormous, doglike, yellow, fun, many, few, eleven, etc.
11
Q
Subjunctive
A
A verb that expresses a hypothetical situation, wish, suggestion, or command
12
Q
Nominative case
A
- Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
- Role = subject
- Description = takes action
- Masc. = der
- Fem. = die
- Neu. = das
- Plur. = die
13
Q
Accusative case
A
- Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
- Role = direct object
- Description = receives action
- Masc. = den (only one that’s diff)
- Fem. = die
- Neu. = das
- Plur. = die
14
Q
Dative case
A
- Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
- Role = indirect object
- Description = to/for whom action is taken
- Masc. = dem
- Fem. = der
- Neu. = dem
- Plur. = den
15
Q
Genitive case
A
- Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
- Role = possessive
- Description = indicates owner of something/someone
- Masc. = des
- Fem. = der
- Neu. = des
- Plur. = der
16
Q
Definite article
A
“the”
17
Q
Indefinite article
A
“a”
18
Q
Prepositions
A
- Words that express the role played by the nouns in a sentence
- Ex. on, into, with
- Noun/pronoun that follows must be in the same case associated with preposition
19
Q
Subject
A
- A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of a verb or the direction of a preposition
- Person or thing performing an action
20
Q
Finite verb
A
- A conjugated verb that indicates a specific tense (present, past, etc.), person feature (first, second, etc.), and number
- Can change the form in accordance with the subject
- Ex. I AM a teacher. He IS a teacher. They ARE teachers.
21
Q
Object
A
- A noun or pronoun that RECEIVES the action done by the subject in a sentence
- Person or thing being acted upon by the subject
22
Q
Adverbs of time
A
- Words that describe when, how long, or how often an action happened
- When: ex. yesterday, today, tomorrow, etc.
- How long: ex. all morning, for hours, since last week, etc.
- How often: ex. frequently, never, sometimes, often, annually, etc.
- Other: ex. soon, always, immediately, weekly, etc.
23
Q
Predicate noun
A
- A noun or noun phrase that provides more information about the subject of a sentence
- Follows linking verb
- Linking verb: ex. look, appear, taste, sound, smell, become, seem, grow, be, etc.
24
Q
Predicate adjective
A
- An adjective that modifies/describes the subject of a sentence and appears after a linking verb
- Linking verb: ex. look, appear, taste, sound, smell, become, seem, grow, be, etc.
- Subject + linking verb + predicate adjective
