Grammar Terms

Question 1

Infinitive

Answer 1

• Any verb not bound to a particular subject or tense
• Typically preceded by “to” in English
• Intention
• Ex. to be, to have, to hold
• Ex. in German “for what purpose” um … zu

Question 2

Imperative

Answer 2

• Used to express commands, requests, instructions, or advice
• Ex. leave him alone

Question 3

Separable prefix

Answer 3

• Verbs that add a prefix to the front of the verb, which changes its meaning
• Ex. kommen = to come vs mitkommen = come with

Question 4

Modal

Answer 4

• Used with the main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity
• Ex. must, will, should, may, might, can

Question 5

Basic present tense endings

Answer 5

ich - e
du - st
er/sie/es - t
wir - en
ihr - t
Sie/sie - en

Question 6

Consonant

Answer 6

Any letter that is not a vowel

Question 7

Adverb

Answer 7

• A word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence
• Often formed by adding “ly” to the end of an adjective

Question 8

Verb

Answer 8

• A word that expresses an action, state of being, or occurrence
• Ex. drive, exist, develop, ripen, kick, have, etc.

Question 9

Noun

Answer 9

A person, place, or thing

Question 10

Adjective

Answer 10

• A word that describes a noun or pronoun
• By providing information about its quality, quantity, or identity
• Ex. enormous, doglike, yellow, fun, many, few, eleven, etc.

Question 11

Subjunctive

Answer 11

A verb that expresses a hypothetical situation, wish, suggestion, or command

Question 12

Nominative case

Answer 12

• Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
• Role = subject
• Description = takes action
• Masc. = der
• Fem. = die
• Neu. = das
• Plur. = die

Question 13

Accusative case

Answer 13

• Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
• Role = direct object
• Description = receives action
• Masc. = den (only one that’s diff)
• Fem. = die
• Neu. = das
• Plur. = die

Question 14

Dative case

Answer 14

• Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
• Role = indirect object
• Description = to/for whom action is taken
• Masc. = dem
• Fem. = der
• Neu. = dem
• Plur. = den

Question 15

Genitive case

Answer 15

• Indicates the subject of a sentence or the person/thing performing an action
• Role = possessive
• Description = indicates owner of something/someone
• Masc. = des
• Fem. = der
• Neu. = des
• Plur. = der

Question 16

Definite article

Answer 16

“the”

Question 17

Indefinite article

Answer 17

“a”

Question 18

Prepositions

Answer 18

• Words that express the role played by the nouns in a sentence
• Ex. on, into, with
• Noun/pronoun that follows must be in the same case associated with preposition

Question 19

Subject

Answer 19

• A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of a verb or the direction of a preposition
• Person or thing performing an action

Question 20

Finite verb

Answer 20

• A conjugated verb that indicates a specific tense (present, past, etc.), person feature (first, second, etc.), and number
• Can change the form in accordance with the subject
• Ex. I AM a teacher. He IS a teacher. They ARE teachers.

Question 21

Object

Answer 21

• A noun or pronoun that RECEIVES the action done by the subject in a sentence
• Person or thing being acted upon by the subject

Question 22

Adverbs of time

Answer 22

• Words that describe when, how long, or how often an action happened
• When: ex. yesterday, today, tomorrow, etc.
• How long: ex. all morning, for hours, since last week, etc.
• How often: ex. frequently, never, sometimes, often, annually, etc.
• Other: ex. soon, always, immediately, weekly, etc.

Question 23

Predicate noun

Answer 23

• A noun or noun phrase that provides more information about the subject of a sentence
• Follows linking verb
• Linking verb: ex. look, appear, taste, sound, smell, become, seem, grow, be, etc.

Question 24

Predicate adjective

Answer 24

• An adjective that modifies/describes the subject of a sentence and appears after a linking verb
• Linking verb: ex. look, appear, taste, sound, smell, become, seem, grow, be, etc.
• Subject + linking verb + predicate adjective