Grammar, Spelling, Parts of Speech Flashcards
Subject (2 points)
a) what a subject/clause/phrase is about or b) who or what performs the action
Predicate (2 points)
Modifies the subject and includes the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.
Compound subjects
Made up of two or more simple subjects, usually joined by “and”
Compound predicate
Made up of two or more simple predicates, usually joined by “and”
Direct Object (2 points)
Who/what receives the action of the verb.
A noun/pronoun that follows an action verb.
Indirect Object (2 points)
The noun/pronoun that tells to/for whom an action is done.
ALWAYS PLACED BETWEEN THE ACTION VERB AND THE DIRECT OBJECT.
Where is the indirect object always placed?
Between the action verb and the direct object.
What is another way to recognize an indirect object?
Rearrange the sentence and add “to ___” or “for ____”
Subject complement (2 points)
The noun, pronoun, or adjective that comes after a linking verb.
Renames or tells something about the subject.
Independent clause
Can stand alone in a sentence because it expresses a full though
Subordinate clause (2 points)
has a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone in a sentence because it doesn’t express a complete though.
Needs to be joined with an independent clause
Independent Clause
Can stand alone in a sentence bc expresses a full thought.
Adjective/adverb/noun clause: Basic idea.
Clauses that can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.
Adjective clause
A subordinate clause that modifies a noun/pronoun. It answers “which one” or “what kind.”
(usually modifies word directly preceding it)
What type of word do most adjective clauses begin with?
Relative pronouns i/e/ who, whom, whose, which, and that.
Adverb clause
A subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Answers questions “how,” “under what condition,” or “why.”
What kind of words introduce adverb clauses?
Subordinating conjunctions, i/e/ when, after, before, since, although, because.
Noun Clause
A subordinate clause that acts like a noun in a sentence (i.e. subject, direct object, subject complement)
4 Types of sentence structures
Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
Simple
One independent clause
Compound
At least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOY)
Complex
Expresses a complete thought using one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause