Grammar, Spelling, Parts of Speech Flashcards

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1
Q

Subject (2 points)

A

a) what a subject/clause/phrase is about or b) who or what performs the action

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2
Q

Predicate (2 points)

A

Modifies the subject and includes the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.

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3
Q

Compound subjects

A

Made up of two or more simple subjects, usually joined by “and”

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4
Q

Compound predicate

A

Made up of two or more simple predicates, usually joined by “and”

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5
Q

Direct Object (2 points)

A

Who/what receives the action of the verb.

A noun/pronoun that follows an action verb.

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6
Q

Indirect Object (2 points)

A

The noun/pronoun that tells to/for whom an action is done.

ALWAYS PLACED BETWEEN THE ACTION VERB AND THE DIRECT OBJECT.

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7
Q

Where is the indirect object always placed?

A

Between the action verb and the direct object.

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8
Q

What is another way to recognize an indirect object?

A

Rearrange the sentence and add “to ___” or “for ____”

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9
Q

Subject complement (2 points)

A

The noun, pronoun, or adjective that comes after a linking verb.
Renames or tells something about the subject.

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10
Q

Independent clause

A

Can stand alone in a sentence because it expresses a full though

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11
Q

Subordinate clause (2 points)

A

has a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone in a sentence because it doesn’t express a complete though.
Needs to be joined with an independent clause

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12
Q

Independent Clause

A

Can stand alone in a sentence bc expresses a full thought.

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13
Q

Adjective/adverb/noun clause: Basic idea.

A

Clauses that can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.

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14
Q

Adjective clause

A

A subordinate clause that modifies a noun/pronoun. It answers “which one” or “what kind.”
(usually modifies word directly preceding it)

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15
Q

What type of word do most adjective clauses begin with?

A

Relative pronouns i/e/ who, whom, whose, which, and that.

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16
Q

Adverb clause

A

A subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Answers questions “how,” “under what condition,” or “why.”

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17
Q

What kind of words introduce adverb clauses?

A

Subordinating conjunctions, i/e/ when, after, before, since, although, because.

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18
Q

Noun Clause

A

A subordinate clause that acts like a noun in a sentence (i.e. subject, direct object, subject complement)

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19
Q

4 Types of sentence structures

A

Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex

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20
Q

Simple

A

One independent clause

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21
Q

Compound

A

At least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOY)

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22
Q

Complex

A

Expresses a complete thought using one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause

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23
Q

Compound Complex

A

Contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause

24
Q

Sentence fragments

A

Incomplete sentences that do not express a full thought.

25
Q

Run-on sentences/comma splice errors

A

Comma joins 2 independent clauses. Should use other punctuation.

26
Q

Active voice

A

When the subject performs the action

27
Q

Passive

A

When the subject is being acted upon by the verb

28
Q

Misplaced and dangling modifiers

A

Wrong: I read last week about a tornado in the newspaper
Right: I read about a tornado in the newspaper last week.

29
Q

Prepositional Phrases

A

A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun/pronoun. Can act as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.

30
Q

Noun

A

A person, place, thing, or idea

31
Q

Common, proper, collective nouns (Examples)

A

cat
Ottawa
class

32
Q

5 noun functions

A
Subject
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Object of the preposition
Subject completion/subject completion
33
Q

Verb

A

An action word, or a word that describes a state of being

34
Q

3 kinds of verbs

A

Action
Linking
Auxiliary

35
Q

Linking verb

A

Non-action verbs, states of being (aka copula verbs). Link descriptions to subject.
i.e. I AM happy

36
Q

Action verbs

A

A verb that conveys an action or an occurrence.

i.e. I run like the wind

37
Q

Auxiliary

A
Indicate tense (Time/condition). Go before other verbs. 
i.e. I will go, I have gone, I should go.
38
Q

Adjective

A

A word that modifies a noun/pronoun. Answers “which one? How many? What kind?”

39
Q

2 adjectives are employed so often that have special names.

A

The (Definite Article)

A(n) (Indefinite article)

40
Q

Comparative

Superlative

A

Comparative: add “-er” or “more”
Superlative: add “-est” or “most”

41
Q

Preposition

A

Relates its object (noun/pronoun) to another word in the sentence. Never appears alone. Always followed by a noun/pronoun called the object of the preposition.

42
Q

What kind of noun follows a preposition?

A

Object of the preposition.

43
Q

Conjunction

A

A word (or words) that is used to connect sentence parts.

44
Q

3 Types of conjunctions

A

Coordinate
Correlative
Subordinate

45
Q

Coordinate

A

FANBOYS (For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) used to join any two or more equivalent grammatical units.

46
Q

Correlative

A

Always come in pair. “Not only… but(/also)” “(n)either… (n)or” etc.

47
Q

Subordinate conjunction

A

Introduces a subordinate clause and links it to the principal clause.

48
Q

Pronoun

A

A word used in place of a noun.

49
Q

The noun a pronoun refers to is called the…

A

Antecedent

50
Q

Pronouns can act as 2 other parts of speech aside from nouns.

A

Adjective (i.e. his book, her notes.)

Subordinate conjunctions to introduce subordinate clauses (i.e. the boy, who goes to Lisgar, wants to be a lawyer.)

51
Q

Interjection

A

A word that has no grammatical place in the sentence. Often an expression of emotion.
i.e. Hurray! Oh! Ah!

52
Q
  1. Silent e and suffixes
A

Drop the final, silent e when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel. Keep it when the suffix begins with a consonant.
i.e. Likable

53
Q
  1. Doubling consonant of root word
A

When adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, double the final consonant of the root word if the word ends consonant, vowel, consonant, and it stressed on the last syllable.
i.e. Committed

54
Q
  1. I before E…
A

Write I before E, except after C, or when pronounced A as in neighbour and weigh. If short E or long I is the sound that is right, write E before I as in their and in height.
i.e. Friend, Height.

55
Q

Comma rules; TIPS

A

Set off Though interrupters or unnecessary information
Place a comma after Introductory words/phrases
Place a comma before a coordinating conjunction which joins the principal clauses
Seperate items in a Series of three or more