grammar rules Flashcards

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1
Q

verbs followed by “à”

A

aider (help)

s’amuser (have fun)

apprendre (learn to)

commencer (begin)

consister (consist)

continuer (continue)

se décider (decide)

encourager (encourage)

enseigner (teach to)

s’habituer (get used to)

se mettre (begin)

persister (persist)

renoncer (renounce)

réussir (succeed)

servir (serve)

songer (think about)

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2
Q

verbs followed by “de”

A

s’arrêter (stop)

décider (decide)

se dépêcher (hurry)

empêcher (prevent)

essayer (try to)

mériter (deserve)

s’occuper (take care of)

oublier (forget to)

parler (speak about)

persuader (persuade)

promettre (promise)

refuser (refuse)

regretter (regret)

rêver (dream)

se souvenir (remember)

venir (have just)

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3
Q

linking a verb with an infinitive verb… what verbs do not require a preposition between the verbs:

A

devoir (to have to, must, to be due to)

pouvoir (can, may)

savoir (to know how to, can)

vouloir (to want) —-

falloir (meaning to be necessary) and valoir mieux (meaning to be better) are only used in the infinitive and with il.

Examples:

Il faut prendre une décision. (We/you etc. have to make a decision.)

Il vaut mieux téléphoner avant. (It’s better to ring first.) https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/french-easy-learning/verbs-followed-by-an-infinitive

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4
Q

linking a verb with an infinitive verb… what verbs require “à” preposition between the verbs:

A

s’amuser à faire quelque chose (to have fun doing something)

apprendre à faire quelque chose (to learn to do something)

commencer à faire quelque chose (to begin to do something)

continuer à faire quelque chose (to go on doing something)

s’habituer à faire quelque chose (to get used to doing something)

Examples:

J’apprends à skier. (I’m learning to ski.)

Il a commencé à pleuvoir. (It began to rain.)

https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/french-easy-learning/verbs-followed-by-an-infinitive

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5
Q

linking a verb with an infinitive verb… what verbs require “de” preposition between the verbs:

A

https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/french-easy-learning/verbs-followed-by-an-infinitive

arrêter de faire quelque chose, (to stop doing something)

continuer de faire quelque chose (to go on doing something)

décider de faire quelque chose (to decide to do something)

se dépêcher de faire quelque chose (to hurry to do something)

essayer de faire quelque chose (to try to do something)

s’excuser de faire quelque chose (to apologize for doing something)

finir de faire quelque chose (to finish doing something)

oublier de faire quelque chose (to forget to do something)

proposer de faire quelque chose (to suggest doing something)

refuser de faire quelque chose (to refuse to do something)

suggérer de faire quelque chose (to suggest doing something)

Examples:

J’ai décidé de lui écrire. (I decided to write to her.)

Je leur ai suggéré de partir de bonne heure. (I suggested that they set off early.)

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6
Q

adjectives that come before the noun, using the acronym BAGS

A

https://youtu.be/I1RUF472SFY

BEAUTY - belle, bel, beau - jolie, joli

AGE - vieux, vieille, vieil - jeune - ancien, ancienne

GOODNESS - bon, bonne - mauvais, mauvaise, - gentil, gentille

SIZE - grand, grande - petit, petite - grosse, gros

  • adjectives related to number/ order

une robe

deuxième anniversaire

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7
Q

What are the article partitif? Used for:

A

du, de la, de l’, des du / de la + vowel >>>> de l’ (which is different from “de” –> “d’”) 1) quand je parle de quelque chose que je peux compter : J’ai une voiture 2) quand je ne peux pas compter : j’utilise les artciles partitifs. J’ai du temps. J’ai de la chance J’ai de l’ambition 3) quand je parle d’une mesure, j’utilise seulement la préposition DE Je bois une tasse de thé Il achète un litre DE lait Nous commandons une tonne de sable 4) quand je dois utiliser l’article partitif , mais dans une phrase négative, je dis “ pas…. de” Je n’ai pas acheté de carottes pas.. de jamais…. de plus… de 5) avec les verbes aimer,. adorer, préférer, détester, etc… >>> jamais le partitif (instead use “le/ la/ les”)

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8
Q

What is the difference between mieux and meilleur? What are the different forms of meilleur?

A

meilleur is an adjective that means better. meilleur (m, singular) meilleurs (m, plural) meilleure (f, singular) meilleures (f, plural) *if meilleur has “le” before it, translates to BEST * good = bon, meilleur = better, le meilleur = best —– mieux is an adverb. bien = good mieux = better le mieux = the best

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9
Q

How to conjugate future simple?

A
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10
Q

What is the difference between assise vs s’aseoir?

A

Etre assis(e) = I am sitting/ Je suis assise

S’asseoir = to sit (literally right now you’re doing the motion)

Je m’asseois pour me connecter devant l’ordinateur.

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11
Q

Herself vs. Themselves

A

Herself = elle-même

Ex: Chaque personne peut décider pour ELLE-MÊME

Themsevles = eux-mêmes

Ex: Les gens peuvent décider par EUX-MÊMES

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12
Q

For the following adjectives, what is their different forms for:

  1. masculine
  2. feminine
  3. masculine but followed by a word that starts with a vowel or muted H (only for singular nouns, NOT plural)

Adjectives: beau, nouveau, vieux

A

Beau/ belle/ bel

Nouveau/ nouvelle/ nouvel

Vieux/ vieille/ vieil

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13
Q

a (avoir) + il = ?

A

a-t-il

The “t” is added to seperate the two vowels.

Other examples:

Quelle voiture a-t-elle?

Quels sports aime-t-elle?

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14
Q

How to form passe compose with a reflective verb?

A
  1. use etre and not avoir
  2. the verb in the past participle has to complement the subject in gender and number
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15
Q

What 3 things need to be considered when choosing articles (definite, indefinite, partitive)?

A
  1. Are we talking about food/ liquid?
    - often article partitif used for food/ liquid because not countable
  2. Is a verb associated with preference used? (aimer, détester, adorer, préférer, etc)
    - If no, then use article partitif. If yes, use article definite.
  3. Is statement affirmative or negative?
    - If negative, becomes “pas DE”, but if a preference verb, that trumps and use article definitive.
    - If affirmative, use article partitif.

Notes:

1) The definite article has two opposing meanings: it indicates either a specific item or something in general, the idea of something.
2) The singular indefinite article is the easiest of all – it refers to one of something, and is nearly always equivalent to “a,” “an,” or “one” in English.* The plural indefinite article des refers to more than one of something countable and is equivalent to “some.”
3) The partitive refers to a part of something, often food or drink. Using it indicates that the amount is unknown or uncountable.

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16
Q

What are the articles partitif?

A
17
Q

How do you change a verb into an adjective?

A
  • change verb to past participle (participe passé)
  • then it needs to agree in number and gender
18
Q

For adjectives that describe time, are they placed before or after the noun?

A

AFTER

L’année PROCHAINE

Le jour SUIVANT

19
Q

What happens to “des” (some) when there’s an adjective and noun that follows?

A

des –> de + adj + noun

J’ai de belles chaussures.

20
Q

What are some adjectives that change meanings depending on whether they’re before or after the noun?

A

https://francais.lingolia.com/fr/grammaire/les-adjectifs/la-place-de-ladjectif

21
Q

“for a long time” in past, present and future tense

A

J’ai porté des robes PENDANT longtemps (PAST)

Je porte des robes DEPUIS longtemps (PRESENT)

Je porterai des pantalons POUR longtemps (FUTURE)

22
Q

How to say next (the coming) Monday?

How to say “every Monday” or “Monday, Oct 13”?

A

Lundi, je vais à la piscine (Monday without a “le”)

Le lundi, je vais à la piscine = each Monday (with “le”)

Le lundi 13 octobre, je vais à la piscine

23
Q

How to form passe compose with reflexive verbs?

A

Je me suis coupée avec una couteau — I cut myself with a knife

  • in this sentence je = fem (bc I am fem) and it involves my whole self, so coupée needs to complement me

je me suis coupé le doigt avec le couteau à pain. — I cut my finger with the knife …..

  • in this sentence, coupé complements “le doigt”

Another example:

Je me suis lavée ce matin.

Mais : ce matin, je me suis lavé le visage et les mains.

24
Q

“C’est” is followed by what?

A

article + noun

adj (masc/ singular form)

proper noun (ex: person’s name)

general opinion (ex: c’est très beau!)

25
Q

“Il est” is followed by what?

A

adjective (w/o article “le/ la/ un etc)

profession (no article used in front)

express time

26
Q

Verbs followed by “de”

verb + de

A

parler de (speak of)

rêver de (dream of)

s’occuper de (take care of)

prendre soin de (take care of)

se moquer de (make fun of)

se préoccuper de (care about)

se servir de (use)

se souvenir de (remember)

manquer de (lack)

s’agir de (all about) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7VzQvIjy50

avoir besoin de (need)

avoir … de (envie, peur, honte)

être + adj+ de (