Grammar Rules

Question 1

σ

Answer 1

is used at the beginning and middle of Greek words (συν, μενουσιν)

Question 2

ς

Answer 2

is used only at the end of the words

Question 3

Diaeresis

Answer 3

Placed over the second vowel of a diphthong signifying that the two vowels are pronounced separately.
αϊ = “ah-ee”
αϋ = “ah-oo”

Question 4

γγ ΓΓ

Answer 4

“ng” as in ri”ng”

Question 5

γκ ΓΚ

Answer 5

“ngk” as in dri”nk”

Question 6

γχ ΓΧ

Answer 6

“ngch” as in dri”nk”

Question 7

ηυ ΗΥ

Answer 7

“ay-oo” (not a diphthong)

Question 8

ιε ΙΕ

Answer 8

“ee-eh” (not a diphthong)

Question 9

ιη ΙΗ

Answer 9

“yea” as in Ἰησους

Question 10

Iota Subscript

Answer 10

When following a long vowel, an iota is written
underneath and is not pronounced

ᾳ “ah”
ῃ “ay”
ῳ “oh”

Question 11

Smooth breathing mark

Answer 11

ἀ (“ah”)

Question 12

Rough breathing mark

Answer 12

ἁ (“hah”)

Question 13

Breathing Marks

Answer 13

Greek words that start with a vowel always have a “breathing mark” indicating whether an “h” is added to the vowel or not.

Exception: Rho (ῥ) is the only consonant that regularly takes a (rough) breathing mark. Also, if a word begins with a diphthong, the breathing mark appears over the second letter (αἱµα).

Question 14

acute accent

Answer 14

ά

Question 15

grave accent

Answer 15

ὰ

Question 16

circumflex accent

Answer 16

ᾶ