Grammar Rules Flashcards
-ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation
-аю
-ать 2nd person singular present tense conjugation
-аешь
-ать 3rd person singular present tense conjugation
-ает
-ать 1st person plural present tense conjugation
-аем
-ать 2nd person plural present tense conjugation
-аете
-ать 3rd person plural present tense conjugation
-ают
NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation
-ю
NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation
-ишь
NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation
-ит
NOT -ать 1st person plural present tense conjugation
-им
NOT -ать 2nd person plural present tense conjugation
-ите
NOT -ать 3rd person plural present tense conjugation
-ят
3 reasons for using Unidirectional Verbs of Motion (идти)
- one time things (EX: I’m going to work now.)
- There (EX: Where are you going? — We are going to school.)
- At the moment of motion something else was (or is) happening (EX: When we were going by car…)
4 reasons for using Multidirectional Verbs of Motion (ходить)
- Repeated, habitual actions (EX: I go to work every day.)
- To and from (EX: I went to school (and came back from there).)
- “to be able to” (EX: The baby cannot yet walk.)
- after “love” and “like” (EX: I like to walk.)
differences between “если” and “если бы”
“если”
- real conditions
- when
- already
“если бы”
- unreal condition
- request
differences between “благодаря” and “из-за”
When the situation is favorable for solving a problem or there is someone who helps us solve a problem, we use “благодаря”
If there is something or someone – a condition, a situation, a person – standing in the way of our plans, we use the construction “из-за”
differences between “кое-”, “-либо / -нибудь”, and “-то”
“кое-”
-I know who/what this is, but I do not want to say it.
“-либо / -нибудь”
-I do not care who/what this is. I only care about the result of the action.
“-то”
-I am not sure who/what that was. I have forgotten.
how to form present participles?
читать –> читаем –> чита-ем-ый (-ая, -ее, -ые
любить –> любим –> любим-ый (-ая, -ее, -ые)
how to form past participles?
USE PERFECTIVE VERBS
написать –> написа (л) –> написа-нн-ый (-ая, -ое, -ые)
изучить –> изучи (л) –> изуч-енн-ый (-ая, -ое, -ые)
how to form active present participles?
читать –> читают –> чита-ющ-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)
смотреть –> смотрят –> смотр-ящ-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)
how to form active past participles?
работать –> работа (л) –> работа-вш-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)
how to form adverbial participles?
IMPERFECTIVE
читать –> читают –> читая
PERFECTIVE
прочитать –> прочита-л –> прочита-в
