Grammar Rules Flashcards

1
Q

-ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation

A

-аю

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2
Q

-ать 2nd person singular present tense conjugation

A

-аешь

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3
Q

-ать 3rd person singular present tense conjugation

A

-ает

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4
Q

-ать 1st person plural present tense conjugation

A

-аем

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5
Q

-ать 2nd person plural present tense conjugation

A

-аете

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6
Q

-ать 3rd person plural present tense conjugation

A

-ают

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7
Q

NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation

A

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8
Q

NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation

A

-ишь

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9
Q

NOT -ать 1st person singular present tense conjugation

A

-ит

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10
Q

NOT -ать 1st person plural present tense conjugation

A

-им

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11
Q

NOT -ать 2nd person plural present tense conjugation

A

-ите

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12
Q

NOT -ать 3rd person plural present tense conjugation

A

-ят

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13
Q

3 reasons for using Unidirectional Verbs of Motion (идти)

A
  1. one time things (EX: I’m going to work now.)
  2. There (EX: Where are you going? — We are going to school.)
  3. At the moment of motion something else was (or is) happening (EX: When we were going by car…)
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14
Q

4 reasons for using Multidirectional Verbs of Motion (ходить)

A
  1. Repeated, habitual actions (EX: I go to work every day.)
  2. To and from (EX: I went to school (and came back from there).)
  3. “to be able to” (EX: The baby cannot yet walk.)
  4. after “love” and “like” (EX: I like to walk.)
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15
Q

differences between “если” and “если бы”

A

“если”

  • real conditions
  • when
  • already

“если бы”

  • unreal condition
  • request
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16
Q

differences between “благодаря” and “из-за”

A

When the situation is favorable for solving a problem or there is someone who helps us solve a problem, we use “благодаря”

If there is something or someone – a condition, a situation, a person – standing in the way of our plans, we use the construction “из-за”

17
Q

differences between “кое-”, “-либо / -нибудь”, and “-то”

A

“кое-”
-I know who/what this is, but I do not want to say it.

“-либо / -нибудь”
-I do not care who/what this is. I only care about the result of the action.

“-то”
-I am not sure who/what that was. I have forgotten.

18
Q

how to form present participles?

A

читать –> читаем –> чита-ем-ый (-ая, -ее, -ые

любить –> любим –> любим-ый (-ая, -ее, -ые)

19
Q

how to form past participles?

A

USE PERFECTIVE VERBS

написать –> написа (л) –> написа-нн-ый (-ая, -ое, -ые)

изучить –> изучи (л) –> изуч-енн-ый (-ая, -ое, -ые)

20
Q

how to form active present participles?

A

читать –> читают –> чита-ющ-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)

смотреть –> смотрят –> смотр-ящ-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)

21
Q

how to form active past participles?

A

работать –> работа (л) –> работа-вш-ий (-ая, -ее, -ие)

22
Q

how to form adverbial participles?

A

IMPERFECTIVE
читать –> читают –> читая

PERFECTIVE
прочитать –> прочита-л –> прочита-в