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Punjabi > Grammar Rules > Flashcards

Grammar Rules Flashcards

1
Q

– above a vowel indicates…

A

Mid tone

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2
Q

‘ above a vowel indicates…

A

High tone

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3
Q

` above a vowel indicates…

A

Low tone

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4
Q

Does pitch/tone rise when asking a question?

A

Yes

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5
Q

In Punjabi, T, P and K are all…

A

Unaspirated

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6
Q

In Punjabi, T is said by…

A

Touching the tip of the tongue to the back of the teeth

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7
Q

There are different suffixes for…

A

Masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, and feminine plural words

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8
Q

Masculine singular words end in…

A

ā e.g. mūdā, āiā

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9
Q

Masculine plural words end in…

A

e e.g. mūde, āe

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10
Q

Feminine singular words end in…

A

ī e.g. kurī, āī

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11
Q

Feminine plural words end in…

A

īā e.g. kurīā, āīā

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12
Q

In Punjabi, there is coordination between the verb and the…

A

Subject

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13
Q

If the subject is masculine singular, then the verb suffix is…

A

Masculine singular

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14
Q

If the subject is feminine singular, then the verb suffix is…

A

Feminine singular

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15
Q

If the subject is plural, then the verb suffix is…

A

Plural

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16
Q

What is the difference between: ó jādā e and ó jādī e?

A

ó jādā e - he goes
ó jādī e - she goes
Ó means both he and she, so the verb suffix creates the distinction

17
Q

In Punjabi, the plural form is often used to…

A

Show respect

18
Q

Would it be more respectful to say: é merā dost e or é mere dost ne?

A

é mere dost ne (this is the plural form which translates to ‘they are my friends’)

19
Q

What is the basic sentence structure pattern?

A

Subject, object, verb

20
Q

In Punjabi, vowels are affected by…

A

Tones. Generally, words with high tone have shorter vowels and words with low tone have longer vowels.

21
Q

The present tense corresponds with the…

A

Subject, not the object.

22
Q

How many degrees of past tense are there?

A

Three.
Ó āiā - he came
Ó āiā e - he has come
Ó āiā sī - he had come

23
Q

The past tense corresponds with the…

A

Object, not the subject

24
Q

What is the difference between ó čá pīdā e and ó čá pīdī e?

A

ó čá pīdā e means he is having tea, and ó čá pīdī e means she is having tea.

25
Q

What is the difference between ó pāni pīdā e and ó pānī pi riā e?

A

They both mean he is having water (present tense), but ó pānī pi riā e is more immediate e.g. he is having water right now

26
Q

What is the difference between óne čá pītī, óne čá pītī e, and óne čá pītī sī?

A

These are the three types of past tense.
óne čá pītī - he/she drank tea
óne čá pītī e - he/she has drunk tea óne čá pītī sī - he/she had drunk tea
Because the verb corresponds with the object not the subject, context is important to understand if this refers to he or she

27
Q

What can be added to the end of óne pānī pī (for example) to add emphasis?

A

Liā or giā, e.g. óne pānī pī liā

28
Q

The words liā and giā change depending on…

A

The objects gender. If the object is masc. then the correct word is liā or giā, but if the object is feminine, the correct word is laī or gaī

29
Q

Double consonants are…

A

Held longer than single consonants (sounds like you’re saying the letter twice)

30
Q

When there is no object, the sentence structure is…

A

Subject, verb

31
Q

How do you say a word that ends in a consonant?

A

There is a short release after the consonant e.g. ik sounds like ika

32
Q

Double consonants make the word sound…

A

Longer

33
Q

How is r pronounced differently depending on where it is in the word?

A

An r at the start of a word is rolled, and r in the middle of a word isn’t

34
Q

In the present tense, gender of the verb is dependent on the…

A

Subject

35
Q

What is the difference between sentences ending in e and si?

A

When a sentence ends in e, it is present tense. When a sentence ends in si, it is past tense

36
Q

In the past tense, gender of verb matches the…

A

Object

37
Q

To turn a ‘to …’ verb into a sentence…

A

Remove the na from the end e.g. khana (to eat) can become mae kha reha ha (I am eating - male) or mae kha rehi ha (I am eating - female)

Punjabi (16 decks)

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