Grammar Quiz Terms Flashcards
tense
Tense refers to the category of morphological phenomena that locate a situation in the
course of time.
Aspect
refers to the category of morphological phenomena that describe the
contour of a situation in time.
Progressive Aspect
Situation is ongoing
Perfective Aspect
Situation is complete
Imperfective Aspect
Situation is not complete.
Fientivity
Refers to the type of movement or activity:
1) verb may be stative. (describe state)
2) fientive (describing activity)
Transitivity
refers to the contour of movement or activity:
1) An intransitive verb is one which customarily take no object; pure statives are intransitive.
2. Transitive verb is one which takes objects.
Factitive
expressed with the auxiliary verb “made” or the ending “en”
Causative
expressed with the auxiliary verb “cause”. In a sentence “caused me to learn”
Semantic Categories for QAL
- Fientive- expresses action
2. Stative- expresses a state or condition.
Semantic Categories for NIPHAL
- Passive- “he was guarded”
- Reflexive: “he guarded himself”
- Active “he guarded”
Semantic Categories for PIEL
- Stative- Factitive “he honored”
- Fientive/Active- Plurative or repetitive (he walked about) (he smashed to bits)
- Denominative- verbs from nouns (“acted like a priest”)
- Simple Active- (he spoke)
Semantic Categories for PUAL
Pual is the passive of the Piel
Semantic Categories for Hithpael
- Reflexive- “he sanctified himself”
2. Active- “he prayed”
Semantic Categories for HIPHIL
- Causative- “he caused to rule”
2. Lexical- root takes on very different meaning.
Semantic Categories for HOPHAL
Hophal is primarily the passive of the Hiphil, though is can also be the passive of the Niphal.
terminology for: yiqtol conjugation
- Imperfect
- prefex conjugation
- yiqtol
terminology for: qatal conjugation
- Perfect
- Suffic conjugation
- qatal
Possible uses of the yiqtol conjugation
- futue- “he will kill
- present (imperfective)- he kills, he is killing
- habitual- he continually kills
- modality (potential)- he would kill, could kill, may kill
- lo=negative- “you shall not kill”
Possible uses of the wayyiqtol conjugation
- preterite/ past (narrative/ simple past, “and he killed”
Possible uses of the qatal conjugation
- past/perfective aspect- “he killed”
2. rhetorically future - “he will kill”
Possible uses of the weqatal conjugation
- future- “and he will kill”
- present/imperfective- “and he kills” “is killing”
- habitual- “he habitually kills”
- deontic modality (directive)- “and you shall kills
- deontic modality (volitive)- “and may he kill/ let me kill”
Possible uses of infinitive absolute
- imperative- “you shall kill”
- Indicative- “he kills/killed”
- Adverbial- “he really killed”
Possible uses of the participle
progressive aspect- “he was/is/will be killing”
Possible uses of the infinitive construct
- as a noun- “killing”
2. in various verbal clauses- “while/when/until/as he kills/killed”
How do you form a negative command in hebrew?
[negative imperative = lô + imperfect]
