Grammar Questions Flashcards
Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.
a, e, i, o, u
/ah/ /air/ /ee/ /oh/ /oo/
Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.
gloria, Jesus
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before
e, i, ae, oe
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before
a, o, u, and consonants
In Latin and English hard c has the sound of
/k/
What sound does soft c make in Latin?
/ch/
How is gn pronounced in Latin? Give two examples.
/ny/
pugno, magnus
Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.
antepenult, penult, ultima
The accent is on the ……… unless the ………………. is marked
penult
antepenult
Verb families are called
conjugations
How many conjugations are there?
Four. First, second, third, and fourth.
Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.
Conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, and mood.
Give the three grammar persons.
First person, second person, and third person.
Who are the three persons?
The first person is the person speaking, the second person is the person spoken to, the third person is the person spoken about.
Give the two grammar numbers.
Singular and plural
How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.
Six.
Present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
The stem vowel of the 1st Conjugation is
a
Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.
simple present, progressive present, and emphatic present
In English I praise is the ……………. present, I am praising is the …………………… present, and I do praise is the ……………….. present.
simple, progressive, emphatic
In Latin imperfect means
not finished
The imperfect tense sign is
‘ba’
The imperfect tense is used to describe …
an ongoing, repeated, habitual, or interrupted action.
What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?
were, was
The two basic parts of a sentence are…
…the subject and the predicate.
The subject is…
…who or what the sentence is about.
The predicate tells…
…what the subject is or does.
What is Sentence Pattern 1.
subject + verb
What English helping verb translates the Latin future tense?
will
The three tenses that make up the Present System are…
…present, imperfect, future.
The Present System is built on the…
…present stem.
What are the principal parts? How many are there?
The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
The infinitive
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is…
‘are’
How do you find the present stem?
Drop re from the infinitive
The English infinitive is written with the particle …….. before the verb.
to
The to be verb shows ………………….. not ………………..
existence, action
Give the English forms of the to be verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st Conjugations verbs.
o, are, avi, atus
What is Sentence Pattern 2?
Subject + verb + direct object
Something that completes the action of the verb is a…
complement
What is the first complement in this text?
The complementary infinitive
In Latin grammar perfect means…
finished
The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
A one-time action completed in the past.
The perfect tense is built on the …
… perfect stem.
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop i from the 3rd principal part.
Give three translations for vocavi.
I called
I have called
I did call
What English helping verbs translate the perfect tense?
have, has, did
The pluperfect tense is built on the …
perfect stem
The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?
A past action completed prior to another past action.
What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
had
The pluperfect tense endings are identical to…
…the imperfect tense of sum.
The future perfect tense is built on the…
perfect stem
The future perfect tense describes…
…an action in the future completed prior to another action in the future.
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
The future perfect tense endings are identical to…
…the future tense of sum except for 3rd person plural.
The tenses of the Perfect System are …………….. and they are built on the ……………..
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
perfect stem
Verb families are called ………………… and noun families are called …………………….
conjugations
declensions
How many declensions are there? Name them.
Five
First, second, third, fourth, fifth
Give the four attributes of nouns.
Declension, gender, number, and case.
The three genders are…
masculine, feminine, neuter
Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have …………… gender. Give three English examples.
natural
sister, brother, father, mother, etc…
Nouns that name non-living things have ……………… gender.
grammatical
To what does the case of a noun refer?
The job of a noun in a sentence.
Name the cases in order.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
What is the subject case?
Nominative
What is the direct object case?
Accusative
What is the indirect object case?
Dative
What is the possessive case?
Genitive
What is the in/by/with/from case?
Ablative
What is the to/from case?
Dative
What is the of case?
Genitive
The genitive singular of a 1st declention noun always ends in…
ae
First declension nouns are usually what gender?
Feminine
Three important exceptions to the 1st declension feminine rule are…
poeta, nauta, agricola
Latin does not have the English articles…
a, an, the
Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.
table
a table
the table
The genitive singular of a 2nd declension noun always ends in…
i
Second declension us nouns are usually …………………… in gender.
masculine
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
us nouns with masculine gender
um nouns with neuter gender
Verbs have …………………… endings and nouns have ………………….. endings.
tense, personal
case
Second declension um nouns are always ……………………. in gender.
neuter
The declension a noun belongs to is determined by the…
genitive singular
The natural gender rule ………………. all other gender rules.
trumps
What is the neuter rule?
Nominative and accusative endings are the same.
Nominative and accusative plural ending is -a.
The subject and verb must agree in…
…person and number.
What is an adjective?
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun.
In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in …………………….. but not ……………………….
gender, number, case
declension
Ususally an adjective of …………………… precedes a noun and an adjective of ……………………. follows the noun.
quantity
quality
Counting numbers are called…
cardinal
Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called…
ordinal
What is Sentence Pattern #3?
subject + linking verb + predicate adjective
What is Sentence Pattern #4?
subject + linking verb + predicate nominative
The genitive singular of a 3rd declension noun always ends in…
-is
How can you know the gender of a 3rd declension noun?
You have to memorize it.
Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have …………………… case endings.
the same
How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the genitive singular ending.
The usual word order for an English sentence is…
subject - verb - direct object
How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?
six
What are the three kinds of direct objects covered in this text?
direct object, predicate adjective, predicate nominative
What are the two kinds of direct objects covered in this text?
1) complementary infinitive
2) direct object in the accusative case
The usual word order for a Latin sentence is…
subject - direct object - verb
What kind of verb is never followed by a direct object?
The verb sum, the to be verb
The genitive singular of the 4th declension always ends in…
us
Fourth declension nouns are usually …………………….. in gender and two common exceptions are…
masculine
domus and manus
The genitive singular of the 5th declension is…
ei
Most 5th declension nouns are ………………… in gender and one common exception is…
feminine
dies
The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is…
e
The infinitive ending for all 2nd conjugation verbs is…
-ere
The regular endings for the principal parts of a 2nd conjugation verb are…
-eo, -ere, -ui, -itus
Draw the gender triangle.
F
M, N
M, F, N
M
F
