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Latin - First Form > Grammar Questions > Flashcards

Grammar Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

A

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /air/ /ee/ /oh/ /oo/

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2
Q

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

A

gloria, Jesus

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3
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before

A

e, i, ae, oe

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4
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before

A

a, o, u, and consonants

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5
Q

In Latin and English hard c has the sound of

A

/k/

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6
Q

What sound does soft c make in Latin?

A

/ch/

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7
Q

How is gn pronounced in Latin? Give two examples.

A

/ny/

pugno, magnus

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8
Q

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

A

antepenult, penult, ultima

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9
Q

The accent is on the ……… unless the ………………. is marked

A

penult

antepenult

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10
Q

Verb families are called

A

conjugations

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11
Q

How many conjugations are there?

A

Four. First, second, third, and fourth.

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12
Q

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

A

Conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, and mood.

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13
Q

Give the three grammar persons.

A

First person, second person, and third person.

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14
Q

Who are the three persons?

A

The first person is the person speaking, the second person is the person spoken to, the third person is the person spoken about.

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15
Q

Give the two grammar numbers.

A

Singular and plural

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16
Q

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

A

Six.

Present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

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17
Q

The stem vowel of the 1st Conjugation is

A

a

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18
Q

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

A

simple present, progressive present, and emphatic present

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19
Q

In English I praise is the ……………. present, I am praising is the …………………… present, and I do praise is the ……………….. present.

A

simple, progressive, emphatic

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20
Q

In Latin imperfect means

A

not finished

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21
Q

The imperfect tense sign is

A

‘ba’

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22
Q

The imperfect tense is used to describe …

A

an ongoing, repeated, habitual, or interrupted action.

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23
Q

What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

A

were, was

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24
Q

The two basic parts of a sentence are…

A

…the subject and the predicate.

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25
Q

The subject is…

A

…who or what the sentence is about.

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26
Q

The predicate tells…

A

…what the subject is or does.

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27
Q

What is Sentence Pattern 1.

A

subject + verb

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28
Q

What English helping verb translates the Latin future tense?

A

will

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29
Q

The three tenses that make up the Present System are…

A

…present, imperfect, future.

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30
Q

The Present System is built on the…

A

…present stem.

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31
Q

What are the principal parts? How many are there?

A

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.

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32
Q

What is the name of the 2nd principal part?

A

The infinitive

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33
Q

The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is…

A

‘are’

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34
Q

How do you find the present stem?

A

Drop re from the infinitive

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35
Q

The English infinitive is written with the particle …….. before the verb.

A

to

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36
Q

The to be verb shows ………………….. not ………………..

A

existence, action

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37
Q

Give the English forms of the to be verb.

A

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

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38
Q

Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st Conjugations verbs.

A

o, are, avi, atus

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39
Q

What is Sentence Pattern 2?

A

Subject + verb + direct object

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40
Q

Something that completes the action of the verb is a…

A

complement

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41
Q

What is the first complement in this text?

A

The complementary infinitive

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42
Q

In Latin grammar perfect means…

A

finished

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43
Q

The perfect tense describes what kind of action?

A

A one-time action completed in the past.

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44
Q

The perfect tense is built on the …

A

… perfect stem.

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45
Q

How do you find the perfect stem?

A

Drop i from the 3rd principal part.

46
Q

Give three translations for vocavi.

A

I called

I have called

I did call

47
Q

What English helping verbs translate the perfect tense?

A

have, has, did

48
Q

The pluperfect tense is built on the …

A

perfect stem

49
Q

The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?

A

A past action completed prior to another past action.

50
Q

What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?

A

had

51
Q

The pluperfect tense endings are identical to…

A

…the imperfect tense of sum.

52
Q

The future perfect tense is built on the…

A

perfect stem

53
Q

The future perfect tense describes…

A

…an action in the future completed prior to another action in the future.

54
Q

What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?

A

will have

55
Q

The future perfect tense endings are identical to…

A

…the future tense of sum except for 3rd person plural.

56
Q

The tenses of the Perfect System are …………….. and they are built on the ……………..

A

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

perfect stem

57
Q

Verb families are called ………………… and noun families are called …………………….

A

conjugations

declensions

58
Q

How many declensions are there? Name them.

A

Five

First, second, third, fourth, fifth

59
Q

Give the four attributes of nouns.

A

Declension, gender, number, and case.

60
Q

The three genders are…

A

masculine, feminine, neuter

61
Q

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have …………… gender. Give three English examples.

A

natural

sister, brother, father, mother, etc…

62
Q

Nouns that name non-living things have ……………… gender.

A

grammatical

63
Q

To what does the case of a noun refer?

A

The job of a noun in a sentence.

64
Q

Name the cases in order.

A

Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative

65
Q

What is the subject case?

A

Nominative

66
Q

What is the direct object case?

A

Accusative

67
Q

What is the indirect object case?

A

Dative

68
Q

What is the possessive case?

A

Genitive

69
Q

What is the in/by/with/from case?

A

Ablative

70
Q

What is the to/from case?

A

Dative

71
Q

What is the of case?

A

Genitive

72
Q

The genitive singular of a 1st declention noun always ends in…

A

ae

73
Q

First declension nouns are usually what gender?

A

Feminine

74
Q

Three important exceptions to the 1st declension feminine rule are…

A

poeta, nauta, agricola

75
Q

Latin does not have the English articles…

A

a, an, the

76
Q

Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.

A

table

a table

the table

77
Q

The genitive singular of a 2nd declension noun always ends in…

A

i

78
Q

Second declension us nouns are usually …………………… in gender.

A

masculine

79
Q

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

A

us nouns with masculine gender

um nouns with neuter gender

80
Q

Verbs have …………………… endings and nouns have ………………….. endings.

A

tense, personal

case

81
Q

Second declension um nouns are always ……………………. in gender.

A

neuter

82
Q

The declension a noun belongs to is determined by the…

A

genitive singular

83
Q

The natural gender rule ………………. all other gender rules.

A

trumps

84
Q

What is the neuter rule?

A

Nominative and accusative endings are the same.

Nominative and accusative plural ending is -a.

85
Q

The subject and verb must agree in…

A

…person and number.

86
Q

What is an adjective?

A

An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun.

87
Q

In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in …………………….. but not ……………………….

A

gender, number, case

declension

88
Q

Ususally an adjective of …………………… precedes a noun and an adjective of ……………………. follows the noun.

A

quantity

quality

89
Q

Counting numbers are called…

A

cardinal

90
Q

Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called…

A

ordinal

91
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #3?

A

subject + linking verb + predicate adjective

92
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #4?

A

subject + linking verb + predicate nominative

93
Q

The genitive singular of a 3rd declension noun always ends in…

A

-is

94
Q

How can you know the gender of a 3rd declension noun?

A

You have to memorize it.

95
Q

Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have …………………… case endings.

A

the same

96
Q

How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?

A

Drop the genitive singular ending.

97
Q

The usual word order for an English sentence is…

A

subject - verb - direct object

98
Q

How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?

A

six

99
Q

What are the three kinds of direct objects covered in this text?

A

direct object, predicate adjective, predicate nominative

100
Q

What are the two kinds of direct objects covered in this text?

A

1) complementary infinitive
2) direct object in the accusative case

101
Q

The usual word order for a Latin sentence is…

A

subject - direct object - verb

102
Q

What kind of verb is never followed by a direct object?

A

The verb sum, the to be verb

103
Q

The genitive singular of the 4th declension always ends in…

A

us

104
Q

Fourth declension nouns are usually …………………….. in gender and two common exceptions are…

A

masculine

domus and manus

105
Q

The genitive singular of the 5th declension is…

A

ei

106
Q

Most 5th declension nouns are ………………… in gender and one common exception is…

A

feminine

dies

107
Q

The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is…

A

e

108
Q

The infinitive ending for all 2nd conjugation verbs is…

A

-ere

109
Q

The regular endings for the principal parts of a 2nd conjugation verb are…

A

-eo, -ere, -ui, -itus

110
Q

Draw the gender triangle.

A

F
M, N
M, F, N
M
F

Latin - First Form (9 decks)

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