Grammar (plus paradigms) Flashcards
State the paridigm for the adjective: ‘good’.
ms - טוֹב
mp - טוֹבִים
fs - טוֹבָה
fp - טוֹבוֹת
State the paridigm for the personal pronouns: I, thou, he/she/it, we, you, they
אָנֹכִי,אֲנִי
אַתָּה
אַתְּ
הוּא
הִיא
אֲנַחְנוּ
אַתֶּם
אַתֵּנָה ,אַתֵּן
הֵמָּה ,הֵם
הֵנָּה
What is the basic rule for the Hebrew definite article?
Use הַ (with doubling).
What are the rules for gutturals and ה, ח with the definite article?
Gutturals: use הָ
ה, ח: use הַ
What are the special rules for הָ ,חָ and עָ?
(REMEMBER: this is with the vowel point)
With accent הָ :הָ.
Without accent, הָ, חָ and הֶ :עָ.
How do we write an adjective in the attributive position?
The adjective follows the noun, and agrees with it in number, gender, and in definiteness.
How do we write an adjective in the predicative position?
The adjective does not have the article, and may stand before or after the noun.
It will agree with the noun in number and gender.
Give an example of an adjective in the attributive position.
‘The great king…’
Give an example of an adjective in the predicative position.
‘The king is great.’
Give the paradigm for the demonstrative pronoun: ‘this’. (ms, fs, c.pl.)
אֵלֶּה ,זֹאת ,זֶה
Give the paradigm for the demonstrative pronoun: ‘that’ (ms, mpl., fs, fpl.)
הֽוּא, הֵם הֵמָה ,הִיא ,הֵנָּה
How does the definite article behave around demonstrative pronouns?
Singular takes: הַ
Plural takes: הָ
How are we to distinguish between the natural and adjectival use of the demonstrative pronoun?
In the adjectival use, it is put in the attributive position (following the noun, and meaning that a definite article must be fixed).
In the natural use, it simply precedes the noun.
When is the pure long a vowel used?
Only at the end of words, unlike the other pure long vowels.
How are long vowels formed?
Generally, through the combination of a consonant and a vowel.
What are the three tone long vowels?
ā, ē, and ō
How do nouns change when they have pure long vowels/short vowels in a shut syllable?
They suffer no change; behave as expected.
When tone long vowels fall out of the force of the stress, what happens to it?
It shortens.
What are the ‘segholate’ nouns?
Nouns having two short vowels, which are not protected from being within a shut syllable.
Often a double ‘e’.
What happens to the ‘segholate’ nouns?
The first vowel is usually shortened.
Often, the second vowel is lengthened.
Are there consonants involved in tone long vowels?
No, even though the vowel symbol remains the same.
Open syllables usually have ____ vowels, and closed syllables usually have ____ vowels.
Open syllables usually have long vowels, and closed syllables usually have short vowels.
State the Perfect Indicative Active Qal for ‘He killed’
קָטַל
קָטְלָה
קָטַלְתָּ
קָטַלְתְּ
קָטַלְתִּי
קָטְלוּ
קְטַלְתֶּם
קְטַלְתֶּן
קָטַלְנוּ
What is the structure of a verbal sentence in Hebrew?
Verb - Subject - Object
What are the two forms of verb in Hebrew, and what do each of them signify?
The Perfect - signifying completed action.
The Imperfect - signifying incompleted action.
