Grammar/ Longer Sentences Flashcards
Accusative case: Explains the grammar rule
The accusative case requires the addition of the suffixes -i, -ı, -u or -ü to the word. A buffer letter (-y) might be necessary between the word and suffix in some cases.
What is this rule: Noun + (y) + ı/i/u/ü verb
Accusative Case, referring to “The”
Explain the grammar rule here : (Ben) kapıyı kapatıyorum.
Accusative case. Adding “ Yi” to Kapi to signify “the door”
O) perdeleri açıyor. — He or she is opening the curtains.
Explain compound noun
In Turkish, compound nouns, also known as nominal compounds are formed when two or more nouns are used together to form a single phrase that acts like a noun. In these phrases, the last word in the phrase is modified or described by the other words in the phrase.
Noun1 Noun2 + (s) + i/ı/u/ü. > what is this rule for?
Compund noun
Bebek sandalye(si)
High chair (literally “baby chair”)
Atatürk Cadde(si)
Atatürk Street
Noun1 Noun2 + (s) + i/ı/u/ü
Hayal dünyası
Dream world
Cep telefonu
Cell phone
Noun1 Noun2 + (s) + i/ı/u/ü
Grammar form:
Noun/adjective idi
Noun/adjective ending with a vowel + y + dı/di/du/dü
Noun/adjective ending with a ç, k, p, s, ş or t + tı/ti/tu/tü
Noun/adjective ending with a different consonant + dı/di/du/dü
Definite past tense, to say something was
Güzeldi [It] was good/beautiful
Öğrenciydi [He/she] was [a] student
Öğrencilerdi [They] were students
Kapı açıktı. The door was unlocked.
Grammar form:
Noun/adjective idi + (personal ending)
Noun/adjective ending with a vowel + y + dı/di/du/dü + (personal ending)
Noun/adjective ending with a ç, k, p, s, ş or t + tı/ti/tu/tü + (personal ending)
Noun/adjective ending with a different consonant + dı/di/du/dü + (personal ending)
Grammar form:
Noun/adjective değil idi
Noun/adjective değil + di
Using ‑(y)dı with “değil” to say “wasn’t”
To make a past copula sentence with a negative, you can use “idi” or ‑(y)dı along with “değil” (“not”) to say “was not.” To do this, just add “idi” or ‑(y)di to the end of “değil.”
Examples. Bu değildi. It] was not this.
Noun/adjective mı/mi/mu/mü idi
Noun/adjective mı/mi/mu/mü + ydı/ydi/ydu/ydü
Using ‑(y)dı with yes-or-no questions
To make a past tense copula sentence into a yes-or-no question, use the “mı” question word followed by the ‑(y)dı ending. Depending on i-type vowel harmony, it will be “mıydı,” “miydi,” “muydu,” or “müydü.”
Pollyanna mutlu muydu?
Was Polyanna happy?
Noun + dan/den/tan/ten verb
Using the ‑dan/den/tan/ten ending to say “from”. first check to see if the noun ends in a voiceless consonant (ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, or t). If it does, the ending will have a letter t at the beginning. Otherwise, if the word ends in a vowel or a voiced consonant (b, c, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v, z), the ending will have a letter d at the beginning.
Türkiye’den geliyorum.
I am coming from Turkey / I am from Turkey.
Dışarıdan geliyorum.
I’m coming (in) from outside.
Kerem İstanbul’dan taşınıyor.
Kerem is moving away from Istanbul.
Noun + dan/den/tan/ten verb
Adding an “n” to pointer pronouns o, bu and şu
Bu (this) Bundan (from this)
Şu (this/that) Şundan (from this/that)
O (he, she, it, that) Ondan (from him, her, it, that)
Bunlar (these) Bunlardan (from these)
Şunlar (these/those) Şunlardan (from these/those)
Onlar (they/those) Onlardan (from them/those)
Dative case: to, toward (‑a/e/ya/ye)
Noun + (y) + a/e verb.
In English, we use words like “to” or “toward” to talk about direction. But in Turkish, they use the ‑a/e ending. In linguistic terms, this is called the dative case.
(Ben) markete gidiyorum. I am going to the store.
(Sen) markete gidiyorsun. You are going to the store.
Noun + (y) + a/e verb
What is Present Continues Tense
Verb stem + i/ı/u/ü + yor + (personal ending),
I am coming, you are coming, he/she…..we, you all, they…
Ben) geliyorum I am coming
(Sen) geliyorsun You are coming
(O) geliyor He/she/it is coming
(Biz) geliyoruz We are coming
(Siz) geliyorsunuz You (plural or formal) are coming
(Onlar) geliyor(lar) They are coming
“Gitmek” and “etmek
O gidiyor.
He/she/it is leaving.
Biz devam ediyoruz.
We are continuing.
Yes or no questions
Grammar form:
Verb stem + i/ı/u/ü + yor mu + (y) + (personal ending)?
Verb stem + i/ı/u/ü + yorlar mı?
Ben) geliyor muyum? Am I coming?
(Sen) geliyor musun? Are you coming?
(O) geliyor mu? Is he/she/it coming?
(Biz) geliyor muyuz? Are we coming?
(Siz) geliyor musunuz? Are you (plural or formal) coming?
(Onlar) geliyor(lar) mı? Are they coming?
Gecmic Zaman. Describe the rules
Fiil + DI + şahıs eki = Gel + Dı + im
Geldim
Try solve this
Ben + Gitmek
Sen
O
Biz
Siz
Git (t) therefore di become Ti
Ben - Gittim
Sen - Gittin
O Gitti
Biz gittik
Siz gittiniz
Onlar gitti(ler)
