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Japanese > Grammar Flashcards > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

verb present affirmative/negative conjugation

A

ます/ません

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2
Q

what kinds of verbs are there

A

activities (swimming),
changes (got married),
continuous states

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3
Q

〜ている (activity verb)

A

action in progress

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4
Q

~ています (activity verb)

A

occupation/habit (routine)

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5
Q

_____さんはいまべんきょうしています

A

______ is studying right now

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6
Q

______さんはえいごのほんをよんでいます

A

_____ is reading a book in english

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7
Q

今、何をしていますか

A

what are you doing right now?

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8
Q

私はえいごをおしえています

A

I teach English/I am teaching English (right now)

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9
Q

_____さんはまいにちにほんごをべんきょうしています

A

_____ studies Japanese everyday

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10
Q

(食べ)ている present affirmative (he is eating)

A

(食べ)ています

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11
Q

(食べ)ている present negative (he is not eating)

A

(食べ)ていません

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12
Q

(食べ)ている past affirmative (he was eating)

A

(食べ)ていました

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13
Q

(食べ)ている past negative (he was not eating)

A

(食べ)ていませんでした

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14
Q

〜ている (change verbs)

A

result of a change

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15
Q

_____さんはけっこんしています

A

______ is married

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16
Q

_____さんはまどのちかくにすわっています

A

______ is seated near the window

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17
Q

Person A has a body part which is…

A

A さんは (body part) が (adjective)

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18
Q

〜ましょう (end of sentence)

A

Let’s

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19
Q

〜ましょうか (end of sentence)

A

shall we?

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20
Q

〜てもいいです(か）

A

you may (may I)

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21
Q

る verbs て form

A

る –> て

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22
Q

う, つ, る verbs て form

A

う, つ, る　–>　って

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23
Q

む, ぶ, ぬ verbs て form

A

む, ぶ, ぬ　→　んで

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24
Q

ぐ　verbs て form

A

いで

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25
Q

く verbs て form

A

いて　(exception いく → って）

26
Q

す verbs て form

A

して

27
Q

する て form

A

して

28
Q

くる て form

A

きて

29
Q

〜てください

A

please do it.. for me??

30
Q

Describing two activities

A

use て form for the first half, second half ends with the verb in the proper tense

31
Q

〜から

A

because; (situation sentence)。 (because) から。

32
Q

using て form to combine adjectives

A

い adjective い → くて
な adjective な → で
this replaces the ‘and’ in the sentence

33
Q

verb present affirmative short form (よみます)

A

dictionary form (よむ）

34
Q

い adjectives present affirmative short form (かわいいです)

A

Drop です （かわいい）

35
Q

な adjectives present affirmative short form (しずかです)

A

Replace です with だ （しずかだ）

36
Q

noun + です present affirmative short form (がくせいです)

A

Replace です with だ （がくせいだ）

37
Q

い adjectives present negative short form (かわいい)

A

drop です (かわいくない）

38
Q

な adjectives present negative short form (しずか)

A

drop です (しずかじゃない）

39
Q

noun + です present negative short form (がくせい)

A

drop です (学生じゃない)

40
Q

る verb present negative short form (食べる)

A

drop the る and add ない (食べない)

41
Q

う verb present negative short form (かく)

A

drop the u and add anai (words that end in う get わ) (かかない）

42
Q

ある present negative short form

A

ない

43
Q

verb past affirmative short form (食べる)　(よむ）

A

replace て form endings て and で with た （食べだ）(よんだ）

44
Q

い adjective past affirmative short form (かわいい）

A

replace い with かった (drop the です) （かわいかった）

45
Q

な adjectives past affirmative short form (しずか）

A

replace long form でした with だった（しずかだった）

46
Q

verbs past negative short form（よむ）

A

replace final い with かった so it would be aなかった（よまなかった）

47
Q

い adjectives past negative short form (かわいい）

A

replace final い with かった so it would be くなかった（かわいくなかった）

48
Q

な adjectives past negative short form (しずか）

A

replace final い with かった so it would be じゃなかった（しずかじゃなかった）

49
Q

noun + です past negative short form (がくせい）

A

replace final い with かった so it would be じゃなかった（学生じゃなかった）

50
Q

〜とおもいます

A

i think that…

51
Q

word order

A

Subject (が part) + object (を, に, へ, and と part) + verb, i.e. SOV, is the basic structure.
Temporal nouns and locations (に and で parts of sentences) are placed at the beginning.
Supplementary information should be between subjects and objects.
The は part of the sentence should be placed at beginning.
In conversation, word order often varies.
Verbs are always placed at the end.

52
Q

〜と言っていました

A

they said

53
Q

〜ないでください

A

please dont

54
Q

how to say someone likes, doesn’t like, is good at, or is not good at something

A

person は activity (verb) のが (likes/is good at (or not)) です

55
Q

they said

A

〜と言っていました

56
Q

please don’t

A

〜ないでください

57
Q

〜と思います

A

I think

58
Q

I think

A

〜と思います

59
Q

〜と言っていました

A

they said

60
Q

they said

A

〜と言っていました

61
Q

a person who ____

A

adjective with ている followed by ひと

62
Q
A

Japanese (18 decks)

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