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CELTA > Grammar Definitions > Flashcards

Grammar Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Demonstrative

A

Points to something in particular
4 in total (This, that, these, those)
Can be used as Determiners

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2
Q

Determiners

A 
Come before nouns to classify them
3 categories:
(Definite: the, my, this, that)
(Indefinite: a, all, some, every, each)
(‘Wh’ Words: what, which, whose)
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3
Q

Semantic

A

Simple definition

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4
Q

Register

A

How a word is typically used

Eg: formal, informal, colloquial

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5
Q

Connotation

A

Positive or negative meaning

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6
Q

Collocation

A

How words are usually used together

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7
Q

Phonology

A

Study of phonetics and pronunciation

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8
Q

Phoneme

A

Unit of sound

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9
Q

Orthography

A

Letter formation

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10
Q

Idiomatic

A

Natural to a native-speaker
Informal
Colloquial

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11
Q

Receptive skills

A

Reading, listening

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12
Q

Productive skills

A

Speaking, writing

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13
Q

Adjective

A

Gives more info about a noun or pronoun

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14
Q

Adverb

A

Gives more info about a verb

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15
Q

Definite article

A

The

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16
Q

Indefinite article

A

A or an

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17
Q

Name the two ‘aspects’ in English

A

Continuous progressive
Perfect
(Gives more info about a verb in relation to time)

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18
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Used with other Verbs to create questions, negatives and tenses (Eg: Be, Do, Have)

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19
Q

Base form of verb

A

Infinitive without ‘To’

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20
Q

Clause

A

Can be full or part sentence, generally contains:

Subject and finite verb relating to subject or object

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21
Q

Collective noun

A

Noun relating to group of things

Eg: The Police

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22
Q

Comparative adjective

A

Adjective that compares 2 things

Eg: Taller

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23
Q

Complex sentence

A

One that contains main clause and subordinate one(s)

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24
Q

Compound noun

A

Combination of 2 words to describe something (Eg: Headache)

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25
Q

Name the 4 Conditional verb forms

A 
First conditional (I will come if I can) - likely
Second conditional (I would go if..) - unlikely
Third conditional (I would have called...)- past that can’t be changed
Mixed conditional (Referring to different timeframes)
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26
Q

Conjunction

A

Used to connect phrases, clauses or sentences (Eg: but, because, and, or, so, yet etc)

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27
Q

Countable noun

A

Has both singular and plural forms

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28
Q

Demonstrative adjective

A

Explains if something is near or far

Eg: This table, that book

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29
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

Replaces a noun and describes if it is near or far

Eg: This, that, these, those

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30
Q

Dependent preposition

A

A ‘prep’ always used with a particular verb, noun or adjective
(Eg: interested IN, depend ON etc)

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31
Q

Exponent

A

Example of a grammar point

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32
Q

What are the 4 Future forms?

A

…with ‘going to’ (I am going to see)
…with present continuous (I am seeing)
…with present simple (I see him at 4pm)
…with ‘will’ or ‘shall’ (I will see)

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33
Q

Gerund

A

-ING form of verb acting as a noun

34
Q

Infinitive of purpose

A

Explains WHY something is/was done

Eg: in order to…

35
Q

Intransitive

A

A verb which does not take a direct object

Eg: She cried

36
Q

Noun

A

A person, place or thing

37
Q

Object

A

The thing affected by the action of the verb

38
Q

Object pronoun

A

Word that replaces an object noun

Eg: him, her, it

39
Q

Present participle

A
  • ING form of verb

Used to create tenses and adjectives

40
Q

Past participle

A
  • ED form of verb

Used to create tenses or adjectives

41
Q

Particle

A

Small adverb or preposition that doesn’t change its form

Eg: after

42
Q

Passive sentence

A

Something is done TO the subject

43
Q

Active sentence

A

Something is done BY the subject

44
Q

Personal pronoun

A

Used instead of names

Eg: I - Subject; Me - object; You - S or O; he/she, him/her; We, us; They/Them

45
Q

Phonology

A

The study of sounds

46
Q

Phrase

A

Group of words that do not form a whole sentence (Eg: the Green car)

47
Q

Possessive adjective

A

Shows who something belongs to

Eg: My…

48
Q

Possessive pronoun

A

Replaces a noun and shows ownership

Eg: Mine

49
Q

Preposition

A

Used in front of nouns, pronouns & gerunds

Shows the relationship between noun and other words in sentence

50
Q

Proper noun

A

Name of person or place

51
Q

Quantifier

A

Word or phrase used with a noun to show amount (Eg: much, a lot of)

52
Q

Question tag

A

Phrase used at end of statement to make it a question

53
Q

Regular verb

A

Adds -ED in the past simple and past participle

54
Q

Relative pronoun

A

Introduces a relative clause, Eg:

“The book WHICH I’m reading

55
Q

Reported speech

A

Speech reported by another person

56
Q

Reporting verb examples

A

Tell, advise, suggest

57
Q

Subject

A

The person or thing doing the action or (in passive sentences) receiving it

58
Q

Superlative adjective

A

Compares more than 2 things, Eg:

He is the TALLEST boy in the class

59
Q

Transitive

A

A verb which takes a direct object, Eg

He HIT the ball

60
Q

Used to

A

A structure to show something happened in the past but no longer

61
Q

Verb

A

Used to describe an action, state or process

62
Q

Verb pattern

A

Form of words following a verb, Eg

He advised ME TO GET there asap

63
Q

Antonym

A

Opposite of another word

64
Q

Chunk

A

Groups of words commonly found together

Eg: Phrasal Verbs, idioms, collocations

65
Q

Compound

A

When two or more nouns, Verbs, adjectives or prepositions are used together

66
Q

Homonym

A

A word with the same spelling and pronunciation as another word but a different meaning

67
Q

Homophone

A

A word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning and spelling

68
Q

Idiom

A

A group of words with a different meaning to that of the individual words

69
Q

Lexis

A

Vocabulary: individual words or sets of words

70
Q

Lexical set

A

Groups of words with same topic

71
Q

Phrasal Verbs

A

Part of speech made up of more than one word, with a different meaning to the individual words (Eg: Look after)

72
Q

Prefix/suffix

A

Group of letters added to start or end of word to create new word

73
Q

Root/base word

A

Basic word to which prefixes or suffixes can be added to create new word, Eg:
Photograph, photographer, photographic

74
Q

Synonym

A

Word which has the same, or virtually same, meaning as another word

75
Q

Word family

A

A group of words that come from the same root (Eg: economy, economist, economic)

76
Q

Connected speech

A

When words join to form a connected stream of sounds

77
Q

Contrastive stress

A

Stress used on a word in a sentence for emphasis or contrast

78
Q

Contraction

A

A shorter form of a group of words, Eg

You have = You’ve

79
Q

Diphthong

A

A vowel combination used by moving from one vowel to another

80
Q

Minimal pair

A

Two words only differentiated by one change in sound (Eg: hit, heat)

81
Q

Functional exponent

A

The word that indicates the purpose of what the speaker is saying(Eg: Let’s is an exponent of suggestion)

CELTA (2 decks)

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