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Latin Grammar > Grammar Chapters > Flashcards

Grammar Chapters Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q
  1. Look out for the main verb
A

1) Usually in the indicative (not subjunctive)

2) If there is more than one verb, take them in order

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2
Q
  1. Find the subject (nominative)
A

1) The verb will tell you the person and number of subject e.g. trahunt - 3rd person plural
2) If there is no noun in the nominative, it may be in the verb
3) The subject may also be an adjective or participle: omnes / portantes

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3
Q
  1. Find the object (accusative)
A

1) If the verb is intransitive, it will not have an object

2) If the verb is passive, it will not have an object

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4
Q

What else may be in the accusative case?

A

1) Preposition + accusative: prope templum; in culinam
2) Accusative and infinitive construction: audio caesarum in Britanniam transiise
3) Duration of time: ibi paucos dies manebant
4) Motion towards a town, small island, domus and rus

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5
Q

Recite bonus

A 
bonus bone bonum boni bono bono
boni boni bonos bonorum bonis bonis
bona bona bonam bonae bonae bona
bonae bonae bonas bonarum bonis bonis
bonum bonum bonum boni bono bono
bona bona bona bonorum bonis bonis
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6
Q

Recite tristis

A

tristis tristis tristem tristis tristi tristi
tristes tristes tristes tristium tristibus trisibus
x2 (for masc and fem)
triste triste triste tristis tristi tristi
tristia tristia tristia tristium tristibus tristibus

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7
Q

The genitive is safely translated as …

A

‘Of’
e.g. turba servorum = crowd of slaves
satis pecuniae = enough money

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8
Q

Which certain verbs does the genitive follow?

A

accusare, obliviscor
e.g. they accuse him of theft
I never forget my country

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9
Q

Which certain adjectives does the genitive follow?

A

plenus - plenty of…

memor - mindful of…

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10
Q

Through this sentence, what does the genitive express:

quanti tu vendidisti illos servos

A

price or value

‘for how much did you sell those slaves’

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11
Q

How can the genitive be used with causa and gratia?

A

Used after causa and gratia
e.g. exempli gratia = for the sake of example
causa = for the cause of

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12
Q

How is the genitive used in these sentences:

1) civis Romani est pro patria pugnare
2) est hominis errare

A

With the verb ‘to be’ to describe a characteristic or duty

1) it is the duty of the roman citizen to fight for his country
2) it is characteristic of man to make mistakes

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13
Q

The genitive can be used as locative case. Translate Romae, humi, domi, Romam, Roma

A

Genitives:
Romae = at Rome
humi = at ground
domi = at home

Romam is accusative and means ‘to Rome’
Roma is ablative and means ‘from Rome’

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14
Q

When is the dative most commonly used?

A

For indirect object (to/for)

e.g. he gave the book to the girl

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15
Q

When the dative is used with the verb ‘to be’, what does this suggest?

A

Possession
e.g. mihi sunt multi servi
‘I have many slaves’
Literally: Many slaves are to me

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16
Q

What can the dative be used as an agent with?

A

Gerunds and gerundives
e.g. captivi nobis occidendi sunt
We must kill the slaves

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17
Q

Which certain verbs does the dative follow?

A

Compound verbs

Credere - e.g. senatori credidimus = we trust the senator

18
Q

What type of verbs can the dative be used with?

A

Verbs of ‘taking away’

e.g. pecuniam mihi abstulit = he took money away from me

19
Q

How is the ablative normally translated?

A

By, with or from

20
Q

Give three things that the ablative can help to express

A

1) Price or value
2) Comparison - used with a comparative adjective
3) Time within which and time when - prima luce discessit = he left at dawn
- duobus diebus veniet = he will come within two days

21
Q

Name the most common verbs and adjectives that the ablative follows

A 
utor = I use
dignus = worthy of
fretus = relying on
22
Q

What can the ablative of towns and small islands without a preposition mean?

A

From

e.g. Roma discessit = he left from Rome

23
Q

How is the ablative absolute construction formed?

A

noun + participle in ablative case

e.g. nave deligata = when the ship had been tied up

24
Q

As the verb ‘esse’ has no present participle, what is it necessary to do when translating an ablative absolute such as

1) Caesare duce
2) me custode

A

Supply the word ‘being’

1) With Caesar being leader
2) with me on guard

25
Q

Recite puella

A

puella puella puellam puellae puellae puella

puellae puellae puellas puellarum puellis puellis

26
Q

Recite servus

A

servus serve survum servi servo servo

servi servi servos servorum servis servis

27
Q

Recite templum

A

templum templum templum templi templo templo

templa templa templa templorum templis templis

28
Q

Recite rex (3rd declension masc + fem)

A

rex rex regem regis regi rege

reges reges reges regum regibus regibus

29
Q

Recite nomen (3rd declension neuter)

A

nomen nomen nomen nominis nomini nomine

nomina nomina nomina nominum nominibus nominibus

30
Q

Recite mare (3rd declension ‘i’ stem neuter)

A

mare mare mare maris mari mari

maria maria maria marium maribus maribus

31
Q

Recite manus (4th decl masc and fem)

A

manus manus manum manus manui manu

manus manus manus manuum manibus manibus

32
Q

Recite genu (4th decl neuter)

A

genu genu genu genus genu genu

genua genua genua genuum genibus genibus

33
Q

Recite dies (5th declension)

A

dies dies diem diei diei die

dies dies dies dierum diebus diebus

34
Q

What are the most common verbs to be followed by an infinitive?

A

possum, debeo, audeo, soleo, nolo, volo, malo

35
Q

How is the infinitive used in this sentence?

sapientibus vivere est cogitare

A

The infinitive is used as the subject

= for wise men, to live is to think

36
Q

How can historic infinitives be used in a passage and how are they translated?

A

They are used to heighten the excitement of a passage. They should be translated as if they were past tenses of the verb.
e.g. mater orare = the mother begged

37
Q 
How are these participles translated:
portans
portaturus
portatus
secutus
A

Carrying
about to carry
having been carried
having followed

38
Q

What is the gerund and how does it decline?

A

It is a verbal noun, which declines like templum

39
Q

How is the gerund used in the accusative, genitive and ablative?

A

1) Accusative - with ad, to express purpose. e.g. multi homines ad audiendum aderant = many people were present to listen
2) Genitive e.g. tempus redeundi est = it is the time of returning
3) Ablative e.g. prudenter emendo et vendendo = by buying and selling sensibly …

40
Q

What is a gerundive and how does it decline?

A

It is a verbal adjective, which declines like bonus. It agrees with the noun as any other adjective

Latin Grammar (1 decks)

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