grammar book Flashcards
action
la acción
spell - the action
la acción
the tree - where is the accent ?
el árbol
on bus - where Is the accent
the autobús
on airplane - spelling- Where is the accent
el avión
action - is it el or la
Acción
Remember the rule
-ion
la acción
is tree , male or female
Arbol
el árbol
bus
el autobús
is airplane el or la
el avión
heat
el calor
is heat el or la
Calor
el calor
is water male or female ?
even though it ends in an a !
el agua
class
la clase
the class - is it male or female
not usual!
la clase
usually words ending in LONERS are masculine but not this one
is color male or female?
el color
where is the accent on confusion?
confusión
is confusión male or female
Remember the ion rule
la confusión
words ending in ion are usually la
the day
el día
where is the accent on - the day
el día
is the day - male or female
Dia
Exception
el día
exception !
the station
la estación
station or season
Words ending in ion are feminine
is the station male or female ?
Estación
Remember the rule
la estación
Words ending and I ON or feminine
the station
where is the accent ?
la estación
garage
el garaje
hunger
el hambre
man
el hombre
hotel
el hotel
english
el ingles
pencil
el lápiz
is pencil m or f?
el lápiz
exception!
lesson
Lección
Remember the - ion rule
la lección
is lecture m or f?
la lección
ion - endings are la
light
la luz
is light m or f ?
la luz
the hand
la mano
exception
is hand m or f?
even though it ends in a
la mano
exception!
the morning
is there a tilde?
la mañana
the sea
el mar
is sea m or f?
el mar
unless speaking romantically about the sea
the nose
la nariz
the name
el nombre
the paper
el papel
is paper m or f?
el papel
the umbrella
el paraguas
is umbrella m or f?
el paraguas
the wall
la pared
is wall m or f?
Remember words ending in d, z, or ion , or a are female
la pared
pen
la pluma
the polica
la police
the percentage
el porcentaje
the percentage
el porcentaje
how do you spell the percentage?
does the e change to an o ?
does the g change to a j?
el porcentaje
is percentage m or f?
el porcentaje
the problem
el problema
masculine because ending in “ma”
is the problem m or f?
el problema
ends in “ma”
the taste , the flavor
el sabor
the sun
el sol
is the sun m or f?
el sol
the south
el sur
the afternoon
la tarde
is afternoon m or f
la tarde
exception to rule !
is hotel m or f
el hotel
L-O-N -E —R-S are almost always masculine
the time
la vez
words ending in D-Z-ión- A are 98% chance of being female
if a word ends in _________ they are 97% likely to be masculine
L-O-N-E-R—S
el
if a word ends in D—Z-ión - A
it is most likely _____
female
la
exceptions to the male female are words ending in _ _
they are male not female
words ending in : ma
are maculine note feminimine
de + el becomes
del
of the
a+ el become
al
to the
Voy al patio
i am going to the yard
where is the accent on you?
tú
where is the accent on he?
él
if the direct object is a person rather than an object the preposition _ precedes it
a
examples
veo la casa. i see the house
veo a la nina . i see the girl
indefinite articles - Gender of nouns
there are two of them . what are they ?
in english indefinite articles are
a and an
un and una
Definite articles
in English there is only one definite article- the.
in Spanish there are four definite articles
el / los
la / las
subject pronouns
in english they are: I you he/she they what are the subject pronouns in spanish ?
the subject pronouns in spanish are :
yo tu el / ella usted nostros nostras ellos / ellas ustedes
i am here
_____ aquí
el lapíz ______ aquí.
to show location
( but not where origination)
estoy
está
Use ESTAR ( not ser)
estar
1.
used to show location of animal person or thing
2.
to show a characteristic that changes
such as emotion or how we feel , a temporay condition.
If it was a surprise , ( not planned or expected ) use estar .
i am
you are
he is
we are
they are
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
ser
to identify a person animal concept, a thing , a noun
CID = Identity, define
If it it is planned ( not a surprise)
juan es maestro
and a characterstic that stays - permanent , doesnt change .
ORIGIN
MATERIAL
POSSESSION
la nieve es blanco
snow is white
soy. i am
eres. you are
es. he/ it is
somos. we are
son. they are
——————————
origin. - Nationalidad
professions or occupations
material - what something is made out of ( permanent)
possession - the house belongs to my friend
La casa es de me amigo.
to describe shape or size
the day the hour , or the date
dulce
sweet
además
besides
In addition to
desde que
ever since
desde que el nació de mí hijo.
ever since the birth of my son
seco
dry
la viajero
the travelor
drinking glass
vaso
ir +a
indicates an action in the future
they are going to study tomorrow
ellos van a estudiar mañana
ir
present indicative
yo. i go
tu. you go
el. he goes
nostros we go
ellos. they go
voy vas va vamos van
dar
i give. (exception) you give he gives we give they give
doy das da damos dan
ver
i see - what is “I see “? ves ve vemos ven
veo
saber
i know ?
sé
he knows
sabe
to know
saber
we know
sabemos
they know
saben
to say
decir
i say
From decir
But irregular. In the yo form
digo
you say (tú)
dices
he says
dice
we say
It is a regular ir verb
decimos
decir
changes e to i in which forms ?
yo? tu? el? nostros ellos?
digo
dices
dice
dicen
in nostros it is decimos!
i say - decir
changes
e to i
and changes c to g
digo
words that end on ger. or gir
the yo form of the present
changes the g into a :
such as escoger - for: i choose
what is the yo form :
- j -
such as
escoger to choose - i choose is escojo
for verbs ending in guir
the present tense yo form
changes to. : go
such as extinguir
what is the yo form
extingo
verbs ending in ger like recoger meaning to pick up
in the present tense. the yo form changes
g to j
so what is the i pick up
recojo
to fit
caber
caber
to fit
caber is VERY irregular in yo in present tense
the rest is like a normal er verb
what is : i fit ?
quepo
caer
to fall
to fall
caer
caer is irregular in present tense yo form
what is i fall?
caigo
¿
adónde?
where to?
¿cuántos?
how many?
¿de quien?
whose?
what for?
¿para que?
spell 21
notice in the twentys they are all one word
veinteuno
spell 31
treinta y uno
spell forty
cuarenta
spell 51
cincuenta y uno
spell sixty one
sesenta y uno
notice they took out the eye!
spell 71
setenta y uno
they took out the i again
spell 100
cien , when adding ciento
spell 101
ciento uno
spell 200
dos cientos
spell 1000
mil
spell 1,000,000
un millón
100%
cien por cien
or
ciento por ciento
spell 500
quinientos
spell 600
seiscientos
spell 700
setecientos
spell 900
novecientos (as)
spell 900
novecientos
how do you spell 16
dieciseis
how do you spell 15?
quince
how do you spell 17
diecisiete
how do you spell 14
catorce
how do you spell 19
diecinueve
Venir
To come
What is the irregular yo form of
I come
Vengo
To put
Poner
What is The irregular form of the verb -
I put
Pongo
Salir
To go out
What is the irregular form of the verb -
I go out
Salgo
Hacer
To do
To do
Hacer
Hago Haces Hace Hacemos Hacen
What is the irregular form for the verb
I make
Hago
Unpack
unpack the suitcase
Deshace
Des. —- Hace from to do means to undo
Deshago. I unpack
Deshace he unpacks
Deshacemos we unpack
Deshacen they unpack
To stop. ( to detain)
Detener
De tener (To detain) to stop!! Comes from tener to have versus to not have
Detengo
Detienes
Detenemos
Detienen
To fasten
your seatbelts
Abrochar
I Versus. Me You. You He she it. Him her it we Us They. Them
Yo. Me Tu. Te El, ella usted. Lo, la , Nostros Nos Ellos. Ellas. Los las
Hay
There are
There is
there
Ha
Have
Than
That
What
Que
Qúe with accent is what
The
it
Him
Lo
Te
You
Yourself
Le
You
It
Him
Her
Tu
Tú. With accent is you
Your
Así
So
Como. Without accent is as or like
Cómo with accent is How !
What is como without accent
As , or like
Se Without the accent Means :
Sé with accent is i know
What is se with out accent “themselves “ his self , herself, itself
What is sé with accent
So
As
Such
As
Too
So
Tan
Hace
Ago
Hecho
Fact
Made
Les
Them
Habia
Have
Mierda
Shit!
He wanted
Queriá
So many
So much
Tanto
Hacerlo
do it
Or
to make it
Oye
Hears
Hace is ———
Hizo he made
Do
Make
He is making
He is doing
He makes
He does
Cariña
Honey
Lover
Ing words in spanish can have the lo attached to the end of the word .
Just like infinitives can also
What is : i am preparing it ?
Estoy preparándolo
Tal
Such a
Or such and such
Tal vez
Maybe
Such a wonderful song
“ maybe this time he’ll stay”
Such and such
Tal means “ such a “
Such and …
Tal
