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German > GRAMMAR AND VERBS > Flashcards

GRAMMAR AND VERBS Flashcards

0
Q

What is accusative?

A

Object of sentence follows certain prepositions

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1
Q

What is nominative?

A

Subject of sentence

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2
Q

What is genitive?

A

Denotes possession

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3
Q

What is dative?

A

Indirect object of sentence, follows certain prepositions and verbs

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4
Q

Bis? (5)

A

Until / as far as / to / by (definite time) / into (bis in)

Acc

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5
Q

Für

A

For

Acc

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6
Q

Durch (2)

A

Through / by

Acc

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7
Q

Gegen (4)

A

Against / into / around / about

Acc

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8
Q

Ohne

A

Without

Acc

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9
Q

Um (2)

A

Around / at (time)

Acc

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10
Q

Wider (2 examples)

A

Wider meinen will - against my will

Wider erwarten - contrary to expectations

Acc

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11
Q

Which verb make article dative? (4)

A

Helfen
Glauben
Antworten
Folgen

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12
Q

Aus (3)

A

From / out of / made out of

Dat

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13
Q

Mit (2)

A

With / by

Dat

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14
Q

Bei (5)

A

At / with / while / when / for

Dat

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15
Q

Seit (2)

A

Since (point in past) / for (period of time)

Dat

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16
Q

Von (4)

A

From / off of / by (author) / of (possessive)

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17
Q

Zu (3)

A

To / at / for

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18
Q

Zufolge

A

According to

Dat / gen

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19
Q

Außer (4)

A

Except for / besides / in addition to / out of (order)

Dat

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20
Q

Nach (2)

A

Contrary to / against

Dat

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21
Q

Angesichts

A

In the face of

Gen

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22
Q

Anstelle (2)

A

Instead of / in place of

Gen

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23
Q

Außerhalb

A

Outside of

Gen

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24
Q

Infolge (2)

A

As a result of / owing to

Gen

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25
Q

Jenseits

A

On the other side of

Gen

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26
Q

Mittels

A

By means of

Gen

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27
Q

Um… Willen

A

For the sake of

Gen

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28
Q

An Hand

A

By means of

Gen

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29
Q

Ansatt

A

Instead of

Gen

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30
Q

Auf grund (2)

A

On the basis of / owing to

Gen

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31
Q

Binnen

A

Within

Gen

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32
Q

Diesseits

A

On this side of

Gent

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33
Q

Innerhalb (2)

A

Inside / within

Gen

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34
Q

Laut

A

According to

Gen but often used with dative

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35
Q

Statt

A

Instead of

Gen

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36
Q

Trotz

A

In spite of

Gen

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37
Q

Während

A

During

Gen

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38
Q

Wegen (2)

A

Because of / due to

Gen

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39
Q

Zwecks

A

For the purpose of

Gen

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40
Q

Adding ‘-chen’ ?

A

Makes dative and diminishes it

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41
Q

Gegenüber

A

Opposite

Dat
Can be pre and post position

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42
Q

C: beim

A

Bei dem

Dat

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43
Q

C: im

A

In dem

Dat

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44
Q

C: vom

A

Von dem

Dat

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45
Q

C: am

A

An dem

Dat

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46
Q

C: zum

A

Zu dem

Dat

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47
Q

C: zur

A

Zu der

Dat

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48
Q

C: ans

A

An das

Acc

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49
Q

C: ins

A

In das

Acc

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50
Q

An (2)

A

On (top of / horizontal surfaces) / In (languages)

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

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51
Q

Auf

A

On (vertical surfaces)

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

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52
Q

Hinter (2)

A

Behind / in back of

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

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53
Q

In (3)

A

In / into / to

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

54
Q

Neben (3)

A

Next to / along side of / beside

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

55
Q

Vor

A

In front of

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

56
Q

Über (4)

A

Over / above / across / on the other side

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

57
Q

Zwischen

A

Between

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

58
Q

Entlang *

A

Along

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

59
Q

Unter (2)

A

Under / less than

Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)

60
Q

Relative pronoun for masc nom

A

Der

61
Q

Relative pronoun for masc acc

A

Den

62
Q

Relative pronoun for masc dat

A

Dem

63
Q

Relative pronoun for masc gen

A

Dessen

64
Q

What is a relative pronoun?

A 
Sends verb to end
Means who or which or that
Verb comma verb if clause after it
Must agree in gender and number to noun
Takes case from the role it plays within the relative clause
65
Q

Relative pronoun for fem nom

A

Die

66
Q

Relative pronoun for fem acc

A

Die

67
Q

Relative pronoun for fem dat

A

Der

68
Q

Relative pronoun for fem gen

A

Deren

69
Q

Relative pronoun for neut nom

A

Das

70
Q

Relative pronoun for neut acc

A

Das

71
Q

Relative pronoun for neut dat

A

Dem

72
Q

Relative pronoun for neut gen

A

Dessen

73
Q

Relative pronoun for plural nom

A

Die

74
Q

Relative pronoun for plural acc

A

Die

75
Q

Relative pronoun for plural dat

A

Denen

76
Q

Relative pronoun for plural gen

A

Deren

77
Q

What is a reflexive pronoun?

A

Used with reflexive verbs

Means myself, herself etc

78
Q

Reflexive pronoun for ich acc

Ich is nom

A

Mich

79
Q

Reflexive pronoun for ich dat

Ich is nom

A

Mir

80
Q

Reflexive pronoun for du acc

Du is nom

A

Dich

81
Q

Reflexive pronoun for du dat

Du is nom

A

Dir

82
Q

Reflexive pronoun for er/sie/es acc

Er/sie/es is nom

A

Sich

83
Q

Reflexive pronoun for er/sie/es dat

Er/sie/es is nom

A

Sich

84
Q

Reflexive pronoun for wir acc

Wir is nom

A

Uns

85
Q

Reflexive pronoun for wir dat

Wir is nom

A

Uns

86
Q

Reflexive pronoun for ihr acc

Ihr is nom

A

Euch

87
Q

Reflexive pronoun for ihr dat

Ihr is nom

A

Euch

88
Q

Reflexive pronoun for sie (they) acc

Sie is nom

A

Sich

89
Q

Reflexive pronoun for sie (they) dat

Sie is nom

A

Sich

90
Q

Reflexive pronoun for Sie (f you) acc

Sie is nom

A

Sich

91
Q

Reflexive pronoun for Sie (f you) dat

Sie is nom

A

Sich

92
Q

What is a personal pronoun? And all different versions for each person?

A

Thing before noun depends on gender, number and case

My = mein
Your = dein
His / it's = sein
Her / it's = ihr
Our = unser
Your (pl inf) = euer
Their = ihr
Your (f) = Ihr (with capital I)
93
Q

Personal pronoun change for masc nom?

A

X

94
Q

Personal pronoun change for masc acc

A

-en

95
Q

Personal pronoun change for masc gen

A

-es

+(e)s to noun sometimes

96
Q

Personal pronoun change for masc dat

A

-em

97
Q

Personal pronoun change for fem nom

A

-e

98
Q

Personal pronoun change for fem acc

A

-e

99
Q

Personal pronoun change for fem gen

A

-er

100
Q

Personal pronoun change for fem dat

A

-er

101
Q

Personal pronoun change for neut nom

A

X

102
Q

Personal pronoun change for neut acc

A

X

103
Q

Personal pronoun change for neut gen

A

-es

+(e)s to noun sometimes

104
Q

Personal pronoun change for neut dat

A

-em

105
Q

Personal pronoun change for plural nom

A

-e

106
Q

Personal pronoun change for plural acc

A

-e

107
Q

Personal pronoun change for plural gen

A

-en

108
Q

Personal pronoun change for plural dat

A

-en

Noun changes sometimes

109
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ich acc

A

Mich

110
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ich dat

A

Mir

111
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) du acc

A

Dich

112
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) du dat

A

Dir

113
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) er acc

A

Ihn

114
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) er dat

A

Ihm

115
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie acc

A

Sie

116
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie dat

A

Ihr

117
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) es acc

A

Es

118
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) es dat

A

Ihm

119
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) wir acc

A

Uns

120
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) wir dat

A

Uns

121
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ihr acc

A

Euch

122
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ihr dat

A

Euch

123
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie (they) acc

A

Sie

124
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie (they) dat

A

Ihnen

125
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) Sie (you f) acc

A

Sie (CAPITAL)

126
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) Sie (you f)

A

Ihnen (CAPITAL)

127
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) man acc

A

Einen

128
Q

According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) man dat

A

Einem

129
Q

Word order in subordinate clauses does what to verb? + acronym with actual words

A

Sends to end

WOW DAD OZ UZ SNOBS

[Weil, obgleich, obwohl, ob, wenn während wie]

[da, als, als ob, dass, damit]

[ohne…zu]

[um…zu]

[sobald, solange, sodass, nachdem, ohne dass, bis, bevor, seit, seitdem]

130
Q

Alle / jede which on for singular or plural time

A

Alle used for plural time

Jede used for singular

131
Q

Endings for imperfect (simple past) for weak and strong verb and what is this tense for?

A

Used instead of perfect (hat gehabt, ist gegangen)
To describe a past event or and continuing event or that was interrupted at time of text
For a simple description in the past
Modal verbs

STRONG - x, st, x, en, t, en

WEAK (already added on an ending which is the same for all different types eg -te- ) - x, st, x, n, t, n

Always identical for 1st and 3rd persons singular

132
Q

What happens to mixed verbs for imperfect tense?

A

Sometimes change stems and add weak endings

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