GRAMMAR AND VERBS Flashcards
What is accusative?
Object of sentence follows certain prepositions
What is nominative?
Subject of sentence
What is genitive?
Denotes possession
What is dative?
Indirect object of sentence, follows certain prepositions and verbs
Bis? (5)
Until / as far as / to / by (definite time) / into (bis in)
Acc
Für
For
Acc
Durch (2)
Through / by
Acc
Gegen (4)
Against / into / around / about
Acc
Ohne
Without
Acc
Um (2)
Around / at (time)
Acc
Wider (2 examples)
Wider meinen will - against my will
Wider erwarten - contrary to expectations
Acc
Which verb make article dative? (4)
Helfen
Glauben
Antworten
Folgen
Aus (3)
From / out of / made out of
Dat
Mit (2)
With / by
Dat
Bei (5)
At / with / while / when / for
Dat
Seit (2)
Since (point in past) / for (period of time)
Dat
Von (4)
From / off of / by (author) / of (possessive)
Zu (3)
To / at / for
Zufolge
According to
Dat / gen
Außer (4)
Except for / besides / in addition to / out of (order)
Dat
Nach (2)
Contrary to / against
Dat
Angesichts
In the face of
Gen
Anstelle (2)
Instead of / in place of
Gen
Außerhalb
Outside of
Gen
Infolge (2)
As a result of / owing to
Gen
Jenseits
On the other side of
Gen
Mittels
By means of
Gen
Um… Willen
For the sake of
Gen
An Hand
By means of
Gen
Ansatt
Instead of
Gen
Auf grund (2)
On the basis of / owing to
Gen
Binnen
Within
Gen
Diesseits
On this side of
Gent
Innerhalb (2)
Inside / within
Gen
Laut
According to
Gen but often used with dative
Statt
Instead of
Gen
Trotz
In spite of
Gen
Während
During
Gen
Wegen (2)
Because of / due to
Gen
Zwecks
For the purpose of
Gen
Adding ‘-chen’ ?
Makes dative and diminishes it
Gegenüber
Opposite
Dat
Can be pre and post position
C: beim
Bei dem
Dat
C: im
In dem
Dat
C: vom
Von dem
Dat
C: am
An dem
Dat
C: zum
Zu dem
Dat
C: zur
Zu der
Dat
C: ans
An das
Acc
C: ins
In das
Acc
An (2)
On (top of / horizontal surfaces) / In (languages)
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Auf
On (vertical surfaces)
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Hinter (2)
Behind / in back of
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
In (3)
In / into / to
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Neben (3)
Next to / along side of / beside
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Vor
In front of
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Über (4)
Over / above / across / on the other side
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Zwischen
Between
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Entlang *
Along
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Unter (2)
Under / less than
Dat (no mvt) / acc (mvt)
Relative pronoun for masc nom
Der
Relative pronoun for masc acc
Den
Relative pronoun for masc dat
Dem
Relative pronoun for masc gen
Dessen
What is a relative pronoun?
Sends verb to end Means who or which or that Verb comma verb if clause after it Must agree in gender and number to noun Takes case from the role it plays within the relative clause
Relative pronoun for fem nom
Die
Relative pronoun for fem acc
Die
Relative pronoun for fem dat
Der
Relative pronoun for fem gen
Deren
Relative pronoun for neut nom
Das
Relative pronoun for neut acc
Das
Relative pronoun for neut dat
Dem
Relative pronoun for neut gen
Dessen
Relative pronoun for plural nom
Die
Relative pronoun for plural acc
Die
Relative pronoun for plural dat
Denen
Relative pronoun for plural gen
Deren
What is a reflexive pronoun?
Used with reflexive verbs
Means myself, herself etc
Reflexive pronoun for ich acc
Ich is nom
Mich
Reflexive pronoun for ich dat
Ich is nom
Mir
Reflexive pronoun for du acc
Du is nom
Dich
Reflexive pronoun for du dat
Du is nom
Dir
Reflexive pronoun for er/sie/es acc
Er/sie/es is nom
Sich
Reflexive pronoun for er/sie/es dat
Er/sie/es is nom
Sich
Reflexive pronoun for wir acc
Wir is nom
Uns
Reflexive pronoun for wir dat
Wir is nom
Uns
Reflexive pronoun for ihr acc
Ihr is nom
Euch
Reflexive pronoun for ihr dat
Ihr is nom
Euch
Reflexive pronoun for sie (they) acc
Sie is nom
Sich
Reflexive pronoun for sie (they) dat
Sie is nom
Sich
Reflexive pronoun for Sie (f you) acc
Sie is nom
Sich
Reflexive pronoun for Sie (f you) dat
Sie is nom
Sich
What is a personal pronoun? And all different versions for each person?
Thing before noun depends on gender, number and case
My = mein Your = dein His / it's = sein Her / it's = ihr Our = unser Your (pl inf) = euer Their = ihr Your (f) = Ihr (with capital I)
Personal pronoun change for masc nom?
X
Personal pronoun change for masc acc
-en
Personal pronoun change for masc gen
-es
+(e)s to noun sometimes
Personal pronoun change for masc dat
-em
Personal pronoun change for fem nom
-e
Personal pronoun change for fem acc
-e
Personal pronoun change for fem gen
-er
Personal pronoun change for fem dat
-er
Personal pronoun change for neut nom
X
Personal pronoun change for neut acc
X
Personal pronoun change for neut gen
-es
+(e)s to noun sometimes
Personal pronoun change for neut dat
-em
Personal pronoun change for plural nom
-e
Personal pronoun change for plural acc
-e
Personal pronoun change for plural gen
-en
Personal pronoun change for plural dat
-en
Noun changes sometimes
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ich acc
Mich
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ich dat
Mir
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) du acc
Dich
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) du dat
Dir
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) er acc
Ihn
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) er dat
Ihm
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie acc
Sie
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie dat
Ihr
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) es acc
Es
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) es dat
Ihm
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) wir acc
Uns
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) wir dat
Uns
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ihr acc
Euch
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) ihr dat
Euch
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie (they) acc
Sie
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) sie (they) dat
Ihnen
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) Sie (you f) acc
Sie (CAPITAL)
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) Sie (you f)
Ihnen (CAPITAL)
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) man acc
Einen
According to case, personal pronoun change for (nom version of-) man dat
Einem
Word order in subordinate clauses does what to verb? + acronym with actual words
Sends to end
WOW DAD OZ UZ SNOBS
[Weil, obgleich, obwohl, ob, wenn während wie]
[da, als, als ob, dass, damit]
[ohne…zu]
[um…zu]
[sobald, solange, sodass, nachdem, ohne dass, bis, bevor, seit, seitdem]
Alle / jede which on for singular or plural time
Alle used for plural time
Jede used for singular
Endings for imperfect (simple past) for weak and strong verb and what is this tense for?
Used instead of perfect (hat gehabt, ist gegangen)
To describe a past event or and continuing event or that was interrupted at time of text
For a simple description in the past
Modal verbs
STRONG - x, st, x, en, t, en
WEAK (already added on an ending which is the same for all different types eg -te- ) - x, st, x, n, t, n
Always identical for 1st and 3rd persons singular
What happens to mixed verbs for imperfect tense?
Sometimes change stems and add weak endings
