Grammar (ANALYSIS) Flashcards
Clauses
MAIN CLAUSE: A main clause is a main body of a sentence and can stand as a sentence on its own. Subject - verb - object.
CO-ORDINATING CLAUSE: Link lexical units of equal value via coordinating conjunction (and, but, or).
SUBORDINATING CLAUSE: Subordinating clauses have a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
> Act as verbs, adjectives or nouns enhancing the main clauses meaning.
Subordinating conjunctions introduce a subordinate clause. They give information on when, where, how and if.
Morphology and Syntax
MORPHOLOGY - words and how they’re built
SYNTAX - how words and phrases/clauses are built together into sentences
Moods
DECLARATIVE - A statement: “The dog was wet.”
> Signals that the preposition expressed is a statement of fact.
INTERROGATIVE - To ask a question: “how are you?”
IMPERATIVE - Shows a necessity: “Don’t touch!”
EXCLAMATIVE - To express surprise or shock: “Oh that is sad!”
Modality In Texts
Language used to exert power or authority.
DEONTIC - Expresses degrees of necessity and obligation: must, should, will.
EPISTEMIC - Expresses degrees of possibility or probability: may, might, will.
Sentences Types and Functions
MINOR SENTENCES - No subject or verb: “Stop!”
> To create a conversational effect or to emphasise a point.
SIMPLE SENTENCES - Has a subject or a verb: “The dog ran.”
> Used when presented with a limited amount of information.
COMPOUND SENTENCE - Two or more independent clauses joined together by coordinating conjunctions: “This house is too expressive, and that house is too small.”
COMPLEX SENTENCE - A main clause and a subordinate clause: “After it heard the loud noise, the horse bolted.”
> Allows the writer to express much more sophisticated connection between ideas.
