Grammar Flashcards

0
Q

Dictionary form is…

A

The informal form of future and present verbs.

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1
Q

Verbs ending in う or る are in ____ form.

A

Informal future & present

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2
Q

Informal future & present tense ends w/

A

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3
Q

Negative informal verbs end w/

A

ない

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4
Q

Informal past tense verbs end w/

A

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5
Q

Past-negative informal verbs end w/

A

なかった

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6
Q

Formal future/present verbs end w/

A

ます

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7
Q

Formal negative verbs end w/

A

ません

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8
Q

Past tense formal verbs end w/

A

ました

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9
Q

Past-negative formal verbs end w/

A

ませんでした

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10
Q

Negative informal verbs usually end with… (3 suffixes)

A

えない
いない
あない

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11
Q

Ichidan verbs end w/ (2 informal suffixes)

A

えない

いない

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12
Q

Godan verbs end w/ (informal suffix)

A

あない

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13
Q
Ichidan verbs (do /
do not) change their stems when adding suffixes to the end.
A

Do not

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14
Q
Godan verbs (do /
do not) change their stems when adding suffixes to the end.
A

Do

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15
Q

Godan verb suffixes start w/ (3 vowels)

A

あ, い, or う

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16
Q

Where

A

どこ

Doko

17
Q

When

A

いつ

Itsu

18
Q

Why

A

どうして

Dōshite

19
Q

Who

A

だれ

Dare

20
Q

What

A


なに
Nani

21
Q

Present-positive tenses of です.

A

Formal: です (desu)
Informal: だ (da)

22
Q

Past-positive tenses of です.

A

Formal: でした (deshita)
Informal: だった (datta)

23
Q

Present-negative tenses of です.

A

Formal: でわありません (dewa arimasen)
Informal: じゃない (janai)

24
Q

Past-negative tenses of です.

A

Formal: でわありませんでした (dewa arimasen deshita)
Informal: じゃなかった (janakatta)

25
Q

Those

A

それら

Sorera

26
Q

I ; Me (male, informal)

A


ぼく
Boku

27
Q

I ; Me (female, informal)

A


あたし / わたし
Atashi / Watashi

28
Q

I ; Me (formal)

A


わたし
Watashi

29
Q

We ; Us

A

私たち
わたしたち
Watashitachi

30
Q

You (formal)

A

あなた

Anata

31
Q

You (male, informal)

A

おまえ

Omae

32
Q

They (male group)

A

彼ら
かれら
Karera

33
Q

They (female group)

A

彼女たち
かのじょたち
Kanojotachi

34
Q

You (plural)

A

あなたたち

Anatatachi

35
Q

He

A


かれ
Kare

36
Q

She

A

彼女
かのじょ
Kanojo

37
Q

Verbs with ます are…

A

“Non-past”: can be future or present tense

38
Q

The particle わ is used to…

A

Mark the subject of the sentence.

39
Q

The particle を is used to…

A

Mark the direct object of a sentence. As in what the verb is being done to.

40
Q

The particle か is used to…

A

Make a sentence a question.