grammar Flashcards
regarder (to watch) past participle
regardé (watched)
finir (to watch) past participle
fini (finished)
attendre (to wait) past participle
attendu (waited)
avoir (to have) past participle
eu (had)
etre (to be) past participle
été (been)
faire (to do, make) past participle
fait (done, made)
aller (to go) past participle
allé (to go) (etre)
prendre (to take) past participle
pris (taken)
vouloir (to want to) past participle
voulu (wanted)
pouvoir (to be able to, could) past participle
j’ai pu (I have been able to)
devoir (to have to) past participle
dû (have had to)
boire (to drink) past participle
bu (drunk)
conduire (to drive) past participle
conduit (drove)
connaître (to know) past participle
connu (known)
croire (to believe) past participle
cru (believed)
dire (to say) past participle
dit (said)
dormir (to sleep) past participle
dormi (slept)
lire (to read) past participle
lu (read)
mettre (to put) past participle
mis (put)
ouvrir (to open) past participle
ouvert (opened)
partir (to leave) past participle
parti (left) etre
rire (to laugh) past participle
ri (laughed)
savoir (to know) past participle
su (known)
se sentir (to feel) past participle
senti (felt) etre
sortir (to go out, leave) past participle
sorti (went out, left) etre
venir (to come) past participle
venu (came) etre
voir (to see) past participle
vu (to see)
devenir (to become) past participle
devenu (became)
revenir (to come back) past participle
revenu (returned)
monter (to climb/go up) past participle
monté (climbed/went up)
rester (to stay) past participle
resté (stayed)
passer (to pass) past participle
passé (passed)
naitre (to be born) past participle
né (was born)
descendre (to descend) past participle
descendu (descended)
entrer (to enter) past participle
entré (entered)
rentrer (to re-enter) past participle
rentré (re-entered)
tomber (to fall) past participle
tombé (fell)
retourner (to return) past participle
retourné (returned)
arriver (to arrive) past participle
arrivé (arrived)
mourir (to die) past participle
mort (died)
partir (to leave) past participle
parti (left)
near future aller stem
ir
near future avoir stem
aur
near future etre stem
ser
near future faire stem
fer
near future devoir stem
devr
near future pouvoir stem
pourr
near future savoir stem
saur
near future venir stem
viendr
near future voir stem
verr
near future vouloir stem
voudr
je future tense ending
ai
tu future tense ending
as
il/elle future tense ending
a
nous future tense ending
ons
vous future tense ending
ez
ils/elles future tense ending
ont
je reflexive pronoun
me
i wash myself
je me baigne
you (sl) go to bed
tu te couches
he gets used to
il s’habitue
we go for a walk
nous nous promenons
you (pl) woke up
vous vous réveillez
jamais
never
they (fem) enjoyed themselves
elles se régalent
you (sl) rest
tu te reposes
we brush our teeth
nous nous brossons les dent
écrire (to write) past participle
écrit (written)
je imperfect ending
ais
tu imperfect ending
ais
il/elle/on imperfect ending
ait
nous imperfect ending
ions
vous imperfect ending
iez
ils/elles/ons imperfect ending
aient
does the infinitive, à, or de follow aimer
infinitive
does the infinitive, à, or de follow adorer
infinitive
does the infinitive, à, or de follow preferer
infinitve
does the infinitive, à, or de follow esperer
infinitive
does the infinitive, à, or de follow detester
infinitive
does the infinitive, à, or de follow sembler
infinitive
does the infinitive, à, or de follow commencer
à
does the infinitive, à, or de follow aider
à
does the infinitive, à, or de follow reussir
à
does the infinitive, à, or de follow apprendre
à
does the infinitive, à, or de follow inviter
à
does the infinitive, à, or de follow decider
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow meriter
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow oublier
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow chosir
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow essayer
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow empecher
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow (s’) arreter
de
does the infinitive, à, or de follow continuer
de
je conditional ending
ais
tu conditional ending
ais
il conditional ending
ait
nous conditional ending
ions
vous conditional ending
iez
ils conditional ending
aient
INdirect object pronoun me
me
INdirect object pronoun you (s)
te
INdirect object pronoun him/her/it
lui
INdirect object pronoun us
nous
INdirect object pronoun you (p)
vous
INdirect object pronoun them
leur
direct object pronoun me
me
directo object pronoun you (s)
te
direct object pronoun him/it
le
direct object pronoun her/it
la
direct object pronoun us
nous
direct object pronoun you (pl)
vous
direct object pronoun them
les
how do you form the immediate future
present tense of aller + infintive
where does the direct object pronoun go
directly before the verb
je aller present tense
vais
tu aller present tense
vas
il aller present tense
va
nous aller present tense
allons
vous aller present tense
allez
ils aller present tense
vont
à + le
au
à + les
aux
de le
du
de + les
des
il
he or it
elle
she or it
ils
they
elles
they/them
on
specific group of people, meaning nous.
OR
you, in a general sense
is nous formal or informal
formal
is on formal or informal
informal
where is nous used predominantly
written
where is on used predominantly
speech or casual writing
when do you use c’est
for general, unspecific statements and opinions
when do you use il est/elle est
for statements and opinions related to specific things
what does c’est mean
it is
this is
that is
what does ce sont mean
they are
these are
those are
what happens when c’est is followed by an adjective or adverb on its own
you NEVER use ce sont and stay with c’est
what is ça a contraction of
cela
ça
it/this/that
what are stress pronouns
words like i and me, used for extra emphasis
stress pronoun je
moi (me)
stress pronoun tu
toi (you)
stress pronoun il
lui (him)
stress pronoun elle
elle (her)
stress pronoun nous
nous
stress pronoun vous
vous
stress pronoun ils
eux
stress pronoun elles
elles
what do you need to remember with verbs like penser, croire
to put que after. this means that
where do object pronouns go in a sentence
before the verb
tout le monde
everyone/everybody
je conjugation -enir
iens
tu conjugation -enir
iens
il conjugation -enir
ient
elle conjugation -enir
ient
on conjugation -enir
ient
nous conjugation -enir
enons
vous conugation –enir
enez
ils conjugation- enir
iennent
elles conjugation -enir
iennent
faire je
fais
faire tu
fais
faire il
fait
faire elle
fait
faire on
fait
faire nous
faisons
faire vous
faites
faire ils
font
faire elles
font
vouloir je
je veux
vouloir tu
tu veux
vouloir on/il/elle
il/elle/on veut
vouloir nous
nous voulons
vouloir vous
vous voulez
vouloir ils/elles/
ils/elles veulent
pouvoir je
je peux
pouvoir tu
tu peux
pouvoir il/elle/on
il/elle/on peut
pouvoir nous
nous pouvons
pouvoir vous
vous pouvez
pouvoir ils/elles
ils/elles peuvent
devoir je
je dois
devoir tu
tu dois
devoir il/elle/on
il/elle/on doit
devoir nous
nous devons
devoir vous
vous devez
devoir ils/elles
ils/elles doivent
which verbs gain a ç when conjugated in front of vowels a/o/u
- cer verbs
e. g. lancer becomes lançons in the nous form
which verbs gain a (g)e when conjugated infront of vowels a/o/u
- ger verbs
e. g. manger becomes mangeons in the nous form
tu reflexive pronoun
te/t’
il/elle/on reflexive pronoun
se/s’
nous reflexive pronoun
nous
vous reflexive pronoun
vous
ils/elles reflexive pronoun
se/s’
je me lève
i get up
what happens to the verb se lever when its conjugated
the first e gains an accent to become è
what happens to verbs ending in -é(-)er or -e(-)er when conjugated with je/tu/il/elle/on/ils/elles
the penultimate e becomes è
je -tir verbs
s
tu -tir verbs
s
il/elle/on -tir verbs
t
nous -tir verbs
tons
vous -tir verbs
tez
ils/elles -tir verbs
tent
what tenses does french merge that english doesn’t
present indicative and present continuous. this means i read and i am reading are the same translation
dire je
je dis
dire tu
tu dis
dire il/elle/on
il/elle/on dit
dire nous
nous disons
dire vous
vous dites
dire ils/elles
ils/elles disent
which tense is le futur proche
aller + infinitive
i am going to verb
which tense is the présent indicatif
i am verb
i verb
word order to form le futur proche of reflexive verbs
aller + (pronoun like me/te/se) + infinitive
venir de + infinitive =
to have just done
venir juste de + infinitive =
to have just done with emphasis on the recency
how do you say some when referring to countable things (e.g. dogs or cars)
des
how do you say some with feminine uncountable things
de la
how do you say some with masculine uncountable things
du
how do you say some with a noun starting with a vowel or mute h
de l’
à + le
au
à + les
aux
de + le
du
de + les
des
what type of articles are le or les
definite articles
most places ending in e are
feminine
most places ending in letters other than e are
masculine
when are places plural
when theyre made up of several parts (like states)
preposition for winter
en hiver
l’hiver
preposition for summer
en été
l’été
preposition for autmun
en automne
l’automne
preposition for spring
au printemps
nouns ending in -age, -ège and -isme are mostly
masculine
nouns that end in e are mostly
feminine
nouns that end in -tion, -sion, -ssion are mostly
feminine
nouns that end in -son, -té, -tié,, eur are mostly
feminine
to describe getting on or in + [a mode of transport] ?
monter dans
to describe getting off or out of + [a mode of transport] ?
descendre de
when does de becomes du or des
when followed by le or les, and d’ in front of un/une
