Grammar Flashcards
What 5 things can も be used for?
- something is like something else
(She is American. He is also American.) - two or more people perform the same activity
- someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things
- someone goes to two places
- someone does something on two different occasions
Which particles can be replaced by も?
は、を、が
When paired with another particle, where is も placed?
After the particle it’s being paired with.
i.e. にも
What can で be used for?
Where the event described by the verb takes place
What 4 things can に be used for?
- the goal towards which things move
- the time at which an event takes place
- days of the week/months
- numerical time expressions
What is used to make approximate time references?
ごろ（に）
With which words/phrases is に not used?
- yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight, etc.
- every day, every night, etc.
- when
- in the morning, at night, etc. (usually)
- weekend (usually)
Which particles can be used to replace に sometimes?
へ
only when indicating a goal of movement
What 6 things can が for?
when used with ある:
- to present a thing
- to say that you have something (tangible or intangible)
- to say that an event will take place
when used with いる:
- to present a person
- to say that you have a person (friends, family, etc)
- to modify どれ and なに
What 2 things can と be used for?
- to connect two nouns (“and”)
2. to describe doing something with someone (“together with”)
Which numbers are irregular when telling time?
- 0 (れじ) - Midnight
- 4 (よじ)
- 7 (しちじ)
- 9 (くじ)
Which numbers are irregular when counting with ひゃく?
- 3 (さんびゃく)
- 6 (ろっぴゃく)
- 8 (はっぴゃく)
Which numbers are irregular when counting with せん?
- 3 (さんぜん)
- 8 (はっせん)
How is duration of an activity expressed?
As a noun without a particle
How is the quantity of something expressed?
By adding the quantity word to the direct object
before the noun or after the noun and before the particle
What are the conjugation endings of regular ーる verbs?
ーます
ーません
ーました
ーませんでした
What are the conjugation endings of regular ーう verbs?
ーいます
ーいません
ーいました
ーいませんでした
What are the conjugation endings for irregular ーする verbs?
ーします
ーしません
ーしました
ーしませんでした
What are the conjugation endings for irregular ーくる verbs?
ーきます
ーきません
ーきました
ーきませんでした
Which vowels before the ending of a verb, usually indicate that it is a ーる verb?
い、え
Which vowels before the ending of a verb, usually indicate that it is an ーう verb?
あ、う、お
When is the only time that one can use で when using ある or いる?
When using the verb to refer to an event taking place.
What does よ mean when placed at the end of a sentence?
It is meant to assure the listener of what has been said. (“Let me assure you”)
How would one extend an invitation to do something?
Use the negative for of the verb with the question particle, か
