Grammar

Question 1

Preposition for within, inside the edges, containers or places that are enclosed.

Answer 1

I’ve got the keys IN my pocket.

Question 2

Preposition for Buildings and rooms.

Answer 2

Can you take a seat in the waiting room please?

I’ve left my bag in your office.

Question 3

Preposition for Areas, regions and cities:

Answer 3

I’m filming this video in Spain

I grew up in Melbourne.

Question 4

When talking about a group of people, we can often use the preposition __

Answer 4

She works IN a finance team.
He got selected to play in the national team.

EXCEPTION: high level groups, where members are often elected.
He’s ON the board.
They’re ON the committee.

Question 5

Preposition for Liquid or other substances to show what they contain

Answer 5

Careful! There’s a lot of chilli IN that sauce.
There’s too much sugar IN soft drinks.
Do you have milk IN your coffee?

“IN” IS THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) —> POSITION OF SOMETHING IN RELATION TO WHAT’S SURROUNDS IT.

Question 6

Preposition - Month or year

Answer 6

IN March

IN 2003

Question 7

Preposition - Seasons

Answer 7

IN the summer

IN the winter

Question 8

Preposition - Periods of the day

Answer 8

IN the morning
IN the evening

Exception —> AT night.

Question 9

Preposition used to talk about specific places or points in space.

Answer 9

Sarah’s still AT school.
I’ll meet you AT the bus stop.
Turn left AT the traffic light.

“AT” IS ONE-DIMENSIONAL —> REFERRING TO A SPECIF POINT IN SPACE.

Question 10

Preposition used to talk about public places and shops

Answer 10

I studied design AT college/school/university.
Let’s meet AT the station.
We have to stop AT the supermarket on the way home.
There were a crazy guy AT the library today.

Question 11

Preposition used to talk about addresses

Answer 11

He live AT 14, Eagle Road.
I’ll meet you AT the corner of Beach Street and Park Road.
I had a coffee AT Elen’s house.

Question 12

Preposition used to talk about events

Answer 12

We met AT the party.

He’s speaking AT a conference next week.

Question 13

Preposition used to talk about clock time, midnight, noon

Answer 13

At 3:30pm

At noon

Question 14

Preposition used to talk about “night”

Answer 14

We go to bed at 11 AT night.

Question 15

Preposition used to talk about the position of something - surfaces like walls or tables.

Answer 15

My phone is ON the table.
You can see a painting ON the wall behind me.
We live ON the 4th floor.
Can you write in ON that piece of paper?
He’s spilled ice cream ON his new jumper!

You can recognize the space around you a little more when you’re using this preposition.

Question 16

Preposition - flat surfaces (includes roads, streets).

Answer 16

The supermarket is ON the corner of Martin Street.
Nice is ON the south coast of France. (flat surface) —> BUT Nice is also IN the south of France (which represents a place with edges/region/area, that’s why we use “in”).

Question 17

Preposition - Ocean, lakes and rivers

Answer 17

What’s that ON the water? (floating)

We’ll take you out ON the lake. (in our boat).

Question 18

Preposition - With the word “side”

Answer 18

The museum is ON the south side of the city.
Your seat is ON the left side.
ON the right side.

“ON” IS TWO-DIMENSIONAL —> REFERRING TO A POSITION OF SOMETHING/ONE IN RELATION TO A FLAT SURFACE.

Question 19

Preposition - Date (with the year or without it) or day of the week

Answer 19

On April 2
On March 3, 1999
On Saturday

Question 20

Apostrophes - Possessions

Answer 20

The man’s car is there.
That’s George’s car.
London’s best fish and chips.

• When the name ends with S
  She’s Chris’ girlfriend

Question 21

Apostrophes - Collective noun (women, men, children…)

Answer 21

The women’s group meet weekly.
The men’s toilet are disgusting.
The boys’ school is excellent.

Question 22

Apostrophes - Ownership by two people

Answer 22

Tom and Pete’s friend Shaun. (1 guy)
Lulu’s and Angela’s boyfriends. (2 different guys)

Important!
HERS, THEIRS, YOURS, WHOSE AND OURS don’t take apostrophes.

Question 23

Apostrophes - used with animals?

Answer 23

We can use ’s with animals too.
a bird’s nest
the lion’s roar

Question 24

Apostrophes - Inanimate nouns

Answer 24

Nouns that don’t refer to living things.
We CAN use ’S with these nouns.

a. when the group refers to a group of people or collective activity.
Ex.: Pittsburgh’s love of sports.
BUT when we’re talking about a geographic place:
The weather in Boston —> not referring to a group of people

COMPARE!
Pittsburgh’s love of sports. —> group of people
The Chicago Blackhawks —> the city as a location or hometown

Question 25

Apostrophes - Collective noun

Answer 25

The family’s choice
The jury’s decision
The committee’s agenda

Question 26

Apostrophes - Express time

Answer 26

When the noun refers to a time and we need to express what’s associated with that period of time.
Today’s lesson.
Tonight’s best story.
The last week’s meeting.

Question 27

Apostrophes - When the time word help us measure an amount.

Answer 27

How much notice do you need to give an employee when you plan to quit your job?
Usually two week’s notice.
Often we need to pay two month’s rent
One month’s pay, two months’ pay.

Question 28

Apostrophes - referring to parts of a whole.

Answer 28

The school’s two campuses.
The Titanic’s watertight compartments.
The hotel’s 200 guest rooms.

Question 29

Apostrophes - NOUN MODIFIERS!

Answer 29

MY LAPTOP’S CORD
THE CORD OF MY LAPTOP

neither!!!!

—> My computer cord.
NOUN MODIFIERS!

A school nurse
The car speakers
The kitchen sink

Question 30

5 alternative ways to talk about the future

Answer 30

1. be + full infinitive
   To talk about events in the future. Formal and often used by journalists.
   The prime minister is to open a new factory.
2. be due + full infinitive
   To talk about scheduled events.
   Ling’s train is due to arrive at 9:37.

3. be + sure / bound + full infinitive
To talk about a future event we are confident will happen.
João's sure to be late. He always is.
Lenu was bound to win. 
It's bound to rain tomorrow. 

4. on the verge of / on the brink of
   For events that are going to happen very soon. Followed by nouns or gerunds.
   The volcano was on the verge of erupting.
5. present tense with a future meaning.
   After verbs such as hope, plan, aim, intend, want and propose. The verb that follows is in the infinitive.
   Elif hopes to finish her studies and find a job next year.

Question 31

USES OF “ING” FORM

Answer 31

Gerund. Noun
Wearing loose pants while riding a bicycle is dangerous.

Continuous verb
The man is riding a bike.

Adjective participle
Wearing a blue, backless dress, the actress created quite a stir at the party.

Adverb participle
Not wanting to miss out fight, we arrived at the airport 3 hrs early.

Question 32

“ING” - things that you like to do

Answer 32

If you’re talking about things that you like to do, things you like doing, you can use:

I like reading. —> more natural/you have a choice.
I like to read. —> sound more an obligation. Ex.: I don’t like to wake up early in the morning.
I like drinking coffee.

Question 33

When talking about high level groups, where members are often elected, we use the preposition __

Answer 33

He’s ON the board.

They’re ON the committee.