Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Adjectives that change ending for feminine gender

A
  1. Ending in -o
  2. Ending in -or, -ón, -ín
  3. Nationalities ending in consonant
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2
Q

Present tense endings (-ar/-er/-ir verbs)

A
  • AR: -o/-as/-a/-amos/-áis/-an
  • ER: -o/-es/-e/-emos/-éis/-en
  • IR: -o/-es/-e/-imos/-ís/-en
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3
Q
Time:
What time is it?
It is ... o'clock a.m/p.m
It is 1 o'clock
It is noon/midnight

At what time?
At … o’clock
At 1 o’clock/noon/midnight

In the morning/in the afternoon/at night

A

El tiempo:

  • ¿Qué hora es?
  • Son las [hour] y/menos [minutes]/cuarto/media de la mañana/tarde/noche
  • Es la una y …
  • Es mediodía/medianoche
  • ¿A qué hora …?
  • A las …
  • A la una/al mediodía, a medianoche
  • Por la mañana/tarde/noche (e.g. estudiamos por la tarde)
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4
Q

Date:
What is the date of …?
It is …

What is the date today?
Today is …

A

La fecha:

  • ¿Cuál es la fecha de …?
  • Es el [number] de [month] (use primero for 1st, otherwise use cardinal number, e.g. primero de enero, cinco de mayo)
  • ¿Qué fecha es hoy?
  • Hoy es … (do not need the “el”)
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5
Q

Demonstrative adjectives:
This (masc/masc plural, fem/fem plural)

That

That over there

A

Este/estos, esta/estas

Ese/esos, esa/esas

Aquel/aquellos, aquella/aquella

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6
Q

Demonstrative pronouns:
This
That

A

Esto

Eso

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7
Q

Comparisons:

  1. More than, less than, -er than (adj/adv/noun/verb, numbers)
    1a. Irregular: better/worse, younger/older
    1b. Numbers (e.g. more than five)
  2. Superlative: the -est (adj) of
  3. Equality: as … as … (adj/adv/noun/verb)
A
  1. Más + [adj/adv/noun] + que
    [Verb] + más/menos que
    1a. Mejor/peor que; mayor/menor que
    1b. Más/menos de + [number]
  2. Definite article + [adj] + de
  3. Tan + [adj/adv] como
    Tanto(s)/tanta(s) + [noun] + como
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8
Q

Irregular verbs in preterite

A
  1. Ser/ir: fui/fuiste/fue/fuimos/fuisteis/fueron
  2. Ver/dar: -er/-ir endings without accent
  3. Verbs like tener (stem-change, -ar endings without accent in the 1st and 3rd singular, -er endings in all others):
    - Andar: Anduv-
    - Caber: Cup-
    - Estar: Estuv-
    - Haber: Hub-
    - Hacer: Hic- (except Hizo in 3rd singular)
    - Poder: Pud-
    - Poner: Pus-
    - Querer: Quis-
    - Saber: Sup-
    - Tener: Tuv-
    - Venir: Vin-

3a. -eron ending in 3rd plural:
- Decir: Dij-
- Traer: Traj-
- Ending in -ucir (conducir, reducir, producir, traducir)

  1. Stem-changing -ir verbs: change e to i, and o to u in 3rd singular and plural only
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9
Q
Past Participle Irregular Verbs (13)
A
C
D (2)
E
F
H
M
P
R (2)
V (2)
A
Abrir - Abierto
Cubrir - Cubierto
Descubrir - Descubierto
Decir - Dicho
Escribir - Escrito
Freír - Frito
Hacer - Hecho
Morir - Muerto
Poner - Puesto
Resolver - Resuelto
Romper - Roto
Ver - Visto
Volver - Vuelto
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10
Q
Irregular Verbs - Conditional Tense (12)
C
D
H (2)
P (2)
Q
S (2)
T
V (2)
A

Yo forms:

Caber - Cabría
Decir - Diría
Haber - Habría
Hacer - Haría
Poder - Podría
Poner - Pondría
Querer - Querría
Saber - Sabría
Salir - Saldría
Tener - Tendría
Valer - Valdría
Venir - Vendría
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11
Q

Pronouns

  • Prepositional
  • Direct
  • Indirect
  • Reflexive
A
  • Prepositional: mí, ti, él/ella/usted, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, ellos/ellas/ustedes
  • Direct: me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las
  • Indirect: me, te, le, nos, os, les
  • Reflexive: me, te, se, nos, os, se
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