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grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

artículos indeterminados

A

UN
UNA
UNOS
UNAS

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2
Q

when are artículos indeterminados used

3

A
  • to say there is exactly one of something
  • to describe a person using a noun : mi hermano es un genio
  • to describe an approximate amount of something (unas copas)
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3
Q

when are artículos indeterminados NOT used (5)

5

A
  • to talk about professions, religions or nationalities (unless they are being modified) with ser: soy professora
  • to talk about possession with tener - ¿tienes coche?
  • to talk about an unknown amount of something -¿Hay arañas en su sótano?
  • after Como - Como estudiantes de idiomas …
    WITH:
  • otro
  • cierto
  • mil
  • medio
  • tal
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4
Q

artículos determinados

A

EL
LA
LOS
LAS

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5
Q

when are artículos determinados used

8

A
  • to talk about something in general (la vida)
  • with percentages (el 45 %)
  • with colours (always el)
  • with languages **
  • with titles (not directly to them)
  • with time (las cuatro, la una)
  • with days of the week
  • with parts of the body
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6
Q

artículos determinados: with which verbs do languages not require the article
4

A

HABLAR
SABER
APRENDER
ESTUDIAR

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7
Q

when are artículos derterminados not used

3

A
  • with Roman numerals
  • with subjects and degrees
  • with countries (apart from if modified with an adjective, or you are referring to a certain time: ‘La España de la Guerra Civil)
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8
Q

what are the two meanings of ‘mientras’ depending on subj/indic

A

mientras + indicativo - simultaneidad

mientras + subjuntivo - as long as

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9
Q

usted / ustedes imperative

A

subjunctive for both positive and negative

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10
Q

diminutive suffixes

A

ito/a

illo/a

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11
Q

aumentativos suffixes

A

ón/a
azo/a
ote/a

  • mainly used for nouns
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12
Q

derogatory suffixes

A

ajo/a
ucho/a

  • derogatory & sometimes small
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13
Q

what are los indefinidos

A
  • words which express quantity or existence in vague and imprecise ways: alguno, ninguno, poco, mucho, todo etc
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14
Q

rules with numbers (3)

A
  • gaps are used instead of commas (1,750,325 –> 1 750 325), 4 digit numbers are written as one: 4566
  • commas used in percentages, not dots, space between the number and percentage sign (65,5 %)
  • euro sign: 35 € (space between the two)
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15
Q

punctation & letters - dear…

A

use a colon

- querida Laura :

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16
Q

artículos determinados & traducir

A

use the article

- traduje del inglés al español

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17
Q

countries and artículos determinados - the exceptions (3)

A
  • usually do not use definite articles with countries
  • sometimes used with: el Japón, la China, el Perú and la Argentina & la India and El Reina Unido (not formal)
  • always used for El Salvador
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18
Q

special uses of UNAS/UNOS

A
  • UNAS : can mean a few: uni cops: a few drinks

- UNOS : can mean approximately : He ganado en la lotería unos 500 €

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19
Q

rule with sequence of adverbs

A

the ‘mente’ is only added on the second adverb:

- Se lo dije suave y dulcemente (not suavemente y dulcemente)

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20
Q

what is the difference between
DESDE HACE
DESDE QUE
DESDE

A

DESDE HACE : + length/ interval of time: desde hace dos años
DESDE QUE : + verb
DESDE: used to talk about a specific point in time, time reference or an event e.g. a birth or a date

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21
Q

como vs porque

A

como - introduces the clause, must go at the start of the sentence: ‘Como no tengo dinero, no me voy de vacaciones’
porque - goes at the end or in the middle of the sentence, expresses the consequences: ‘No me voy de vaccines torque no tengo dinero.’

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22
Q

por y para: causa, motivo, razón

luchar _

A

POR

luchó por

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23
Q

por y para : medio, instrumento

A

POR

por fax

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24
Q

por y para : where something is roughly

- an imprecise place

A

POR
- to go somewhere: voy por Madrid/ caminaba por la calle
- to go through
(a lo largo, sobre, en)

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25
Q

por y para: imprecise time

2

A

POR : estimates

  • iré a casa por junio o julio
  • durations of time: viví aquí por tres meses
  • periodicidad (cada) : se lava el pelo tres veces por semana
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26
Q

por y para : value, price

A

POR
- in exchange of
lo compré por 45 €

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27
Q

por y para: passive voice

A

POR

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28
Q

por y para: personal implications

A

POR

- personal involvement: por mi, no hay problema

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29
Q

por y para: verbo de movimiento (ir, bajar, subir)

A

POR

  • to go somewhere for something: POR + NOMBRE/ PRENOMBRE: EN BUSCA DE
  • Ve por sal al súper
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30
Q

por y para: oh behalf of me, instead of

A

POR

- dio la clase por mi, yo estaba enfermo

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31
Q

por y para: velocidad, tiempo

A

POR

- iban a 40 por hora

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32
Q

por y para: reparto/ distribución

A

POR

- idea of per: Tocamos a 21 € por cabeza

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33
Q

por y para: movimiento repetido

A

POR

__ by __ : Leí eso bien, hoja por hoja

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34
Q

por y para: to be for something (to support)

A

POR

  • estoy por salir
  • estoy por ti
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35
Q

por y para: to do something for the sake of it

A

POR

- lloras por lorrar

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36
Q

por y para: propósito, finalidad, intención (2)

A

PARA

  • para + infinito: vine para comer (1 subject)
  • para + que + subjunctive: venga para que me deis comida (two subjects)
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37
Q

por y para: destination (precise)

A

PARA

  • for someone / something
  • esto es para Carlos
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38
Q

por y para: uso

A

PARA

- Este champú es para cabellos gracios

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39
Q

por y para: dirección

A

PARA

- vamos para el cine

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40
Q

por y para: tiempo: by a certain time, for a certain time (2)

A

PARA
antes de: tendré el trabajo terminado para las cinco
duración : voy a Sevilla para una semana

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41
Q

por y para: opinión

A

PARA + nombre/ pronombre

- para Leo es importante

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42
Q

por y para: to mean ‘considerando que’

A

PARA

  • para + infinitive
  • para haber vivido diez años en Atenas, habla griego muy mal
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43
Q

por y para: to express being about to

A

PARA

- estaba para salir cuando sonó el teléfono

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44
Q

por y para: to be in the mood

A

PARA

- no me hables así, no estoy para tonterías

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45
Q

por y para: to express ‘almost’ a period of time

A

PARA

  • Ir para + duración de tiempo
  • Va para un mes que llegué a Bristol
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46
Q

por y para: to have certain skills

A

PARA

  • Ir para + profesión : to have the right skills for
  • Esta niña va para escritora
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47
Q

por y para: to express leaving something for later, to pospone

A

PARA

  • Dejar algo para + referencia al tiempo
  • Deja eso para mañana
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48
Q

por y para: giving examples, ‘if you are looking for…’

A

PARA

  • Para + nombre + adjectivo
  • Para ciudades bellas, Granada…
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49
Q

ser y estar: professions

A

SER

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50
Q

what are the main uses of SER

4

A
  • identity& essence: es un buen hombre/ es Luis
  • origen : soy andaluz
  • definitions
  • permanent qualities
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51
Q

ser y estar: nationality

A

SER

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52
Q

ser y estar: material, what things are made of

+ exception

A

SER
- El jersey es de lana

BUT - estar is used when : el jersey está hecho de lana

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53
Q

ser y estar: religion, social class, ideology and politics

A

SER

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54
Q

ser y estar: physical qualities, moral essences that are permanent

A

SER

- es morena (dark haired)

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55
Q

ser y estar: universal truths

A

SER

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56
Q

ser y estar: to say where something is taking place

A

SER

- la boda es en la catedral

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57
Q

ser y estar: ‘the thing is that…’, to explain something in this way

A

SER

- es que me duele la cabeza

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58
Q

ser y estar: opinions

A

SER

  • es una idea genial
  • used with bien/malo to express quality
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59
Q

ser y estar: prices

A

SER: ¿cuanto es el café?
ESTAR: ¿ A cuanto es está café? - when prices change

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60
Q

ser y estar: dates, times & years

A

SER
- son las tres

ESTAR used to say ‘we are in…’ - estamos en febrero.

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61
Q

ser y estar: expresiones de tiempo

A

SER

- es tarde

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62
Q

ser y estar: to indicate property

A

SER

- esto no es suyo

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63
Q

ser y estar: the passive voice

A

SER

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64
Q

main uses of ESTAR (2)

A
  • states, physical conditions, mental states : está enfermo

- temporary characteristics: estamos agotados (exhausted)

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65
Q

ser y estar: geographical positions

A

ESTAR

- Granada está en el sur

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66
Q

ser y estar: presence and absence

A

ESTAR
- ¡estoy aqui!

BUT- when answering door / phone: ‘¿quien es?’

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67
Q

ser y estar: estados/ situaciones circunstanciales

A

ESTAR

  • estar de fiesta
  • estar de vacaciones
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68
Q

ser y estar: to be for or against something

A

ESTAR

- estar a favor/ en contra de

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69
Q

ser y estar: seguro

A

ESTAR: to mean you are sure of something - estoy seguro de que la economic va a mejorar

SER: to mean safe

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70
Q

ser y estar: to be good/bad/ wrong etc

__ bien / mal

A

ESTAR

  • esta bien trabajar duro
  • esta mal fumar delante de los ninos
  • estoy bien (de salud)
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71
Q

ser y estar: taste & bueno

A

ESTAR

- estas naranjas están muy buenas

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72
Q

ser y estar: to be a good / bad person

A

SER

- era una buena mujer

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73
Q

ser y estar: en los tiempos continuos

A

ESTAR

- estoy trabajando

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74
Q

ser y estar: ___ de + profession

A

ESTAR

- estar de camarero

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75
Q

prepositions: verbs usually followed by DE (5)

A
  • acordarse de
  • carecer de
  • depender de
  • tratar de
  • enamorarse de
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76
Q

prepositions: verbs usually followed by EN (3)

A
  • consistir en
  • pensar en
  • confiar en
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77
Q

prepositions: soñar ___

A

con

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78
Q

how are adverbs formed

A

taken from the feminine noun - lenta: lentamente

  • if the word still ends in E, then keep it that way : breve : brevemente
  • if it ends in a consonant, keep it that way: cruel : cruelmente
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79
Q

sino & pero :

what does pero mean & what went before

A
  • it restricts the meaning of the phrase that comes before it but doesn’t contradict it
  • a positive or negative statement can follow
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80
Q

sino & pero :

what does sino mean & what went before

A
  • translates as ‘but rather’ or ‘but on the contrary’
  • two words or statements are linked togethers but are mutually exclusive, the part after sino directly contradicts the first part
  • sino is also preceded by a verb in the negative
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81
Q

how to say

‘Not only … but also’

A

no solo … sino también/ sino que también

82
Q

subjuntivo: main uses (6)

A
  • wish & hope
  • influence
  • feelings
  • expressions of necessity and importance
  • doubt & probability
  • imperative
83
Q

subjuntivo: deseo/ esperanza

& 4 triggers

A

deseo/ esperanza + que + SUBJUNCTIVE

–> QUIERE que VAYAMOS a Barcelona

verbs which trigger this:

  • deseo
  • quiero
  • espero
  • prefiero
84
Q

subjuntivo: influence

& 5 triggers

A
  • verbs which express influence over others

–> la crisis CAUSÒ que mucha gente PERDIERA su casa

verbs which trigger this:

  • pido
  • insisto en
  • exijo
  • ordeno
  • sugiero
85
Q

subjuntivo: decir + subjunctive meaning

A

an order

86
Q

subjuntivo: examples of expressions of necessity and importance
5

A
  • está bien/ mal que
  • es lógico que
  • es necesario que
  • es natural que
  • es normal que
87
Q

subjuntivo: expressions of necessity and importance : EXCEPCIONES 3

A

those who take the INDICATIVE

  • es verdad que
  • está claro que
  • es evident que

they are in the subjunctive in the negative

88
Q

subjuntivo: doubt & probability

3 triggers

A
  • dudo que
  • es probable que
  • puede que
89
Q

subjuntivo: doubt & probability –> excepciones

A

indicative:

  • parece que
  • creo que
  • supongo que
  • imagino que

subjunctive when negative

90
Q

subjuntivo: doubt & probability –> adverbios de probabilidad which trigger the subjunctive
2

A
  • quizás
  • tal vez

(a lo mejor/ igual/ lo mismo –> indicative)

91
Q

subjuntivo: ojala

3

A

ojalá + present subjunctive: something likely
ojala + imperfect subjunctive: something unlikely
ojala + pluscuamperfecto: wish in the past and regrets

92
Q

subjuntivo: subjunctive used without a trigger

A

‘diga lo que diga, lo haré’ - no matter what you think, not matter what you say

93
Q

subjuntivo: from what I remember

A
  • que yo recuerde
94
Q

subjuntivo: ‘before’/ ‘after’

A
  • antes de que

- después de que

95
Q

subjuntivo: sequence to mean ‘as if….’

2

A
  • como si/ igual que si + imperfect subjunctive = simultaneity –> me miras como si estuvieras loco
  • como si/ igual que si + pluscuamperfecto = anteriority —> hablas como si hubierais bebido un litro de vino
96
Q

subjuntivo: por muy/ por mucho sequences

A
  • por muy + adjective + que + subjuntivo

- por mucho/ poco que + subjunctive

97
Q

subjuntivo: contrast indicative / subjunctive: cuando + ind/subj

A

cuando + indicativo: habitual action

cuando + subjunctive : future

98
Q

subjuntivo: contrast indicative / subjunctive: aunque + subj/ind

A

aunque + subjunctive: if you are trying not to acknowledge the thing you are talking about : aunque sea vieja, es quapa

99
Q

subjuntivo: contrast indicative / subjunctive: como+ ind/subj

A

como + subjunctive: negative connotations, since you do this I will do this, a threat

–> como me hables así de nuevo, tendré que hablar con tus padres

100
Q

subjuntivo & pronouns

A

the subjunctive is used when it isn’t obvious who or what the relative pronoun is referring to :

–> necesitas un amigo que esté siempre contigo en los momentos difíciles

101
Q

subjuntivo: & si + conditional

A

NO PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

102
Q

subjuntivo:es mejor que + ?

A

subjunctive

103
Q

subjuntivo: the tenses

4

A

present: tenga
preterito perfecto: haya tenido
imperfecto: tuviera
pluscuamperfecto: hubiera tenido

104
Q

meaning of ‘por fin’

A

at last

105
Q

imperativo: tu positive imperative

A

3rd person present

- remove last letter

106
Q

imperativo: vosotros positive imperative

A

replace last R with a D

107
Q

imperativo: vosotros positive imperative and reflexive verbs

A

pronoun: OS
- drop D add OS

(exception of IRSE —> IDOS)

108
Q

imperativo: tu negative imperative

A

no + tu present subjunctive

  • ¡no rompas!
109
Q

imperativo: vosotros negative imperative

A

no + vosotros present subjunctive

-¡no rompáis!

110
Q

imperativo: pronoun positioning

A

positive imperatives: the pronoun adds to the end of the verb
negative imperatives: the pronoun goes before the verb

111
Q

imperativo: suggestions, ‘let’s’ - formation

A

nosotros present subjunctive

112
Q

imperativo: suggestions, ‘let’s’ and pronouns

A

positive:
- when the pronouns ‘SE’ OR ‘NOS’ are added, the final S from the nosotros subjunctive ending is removed

duchemos + nos —> duchémonos!

negative:

  • pronouns before the verb
113
Q

imperativo: retroactivo, what does it mean?

A
  • tells people what they should have done, used to give advice
114
Q

imperativo: retroactive, how is it formed?

A

haber (infinitivo) + past participle

  • haber dominado más
115
Q

prohibir + indicative or subjunctive?

A

SUBJUNCTIVE!!

116
Q

estar bien / malo que + subjunctive or indicative?

A

SUBJUNCTIVE

  • its subjective
117
Q

‘quien’ + what to mean ‘if only’

A

quien + imperfect subjunctive

quien estuviera ahora en un paraiso tropical!”

118
Q

hay nada que + indicative or subjunctive?

A

SUBJUNCTIVE

no hay nada que sepas

119
Q

oraciones condicionales: tipo 1 - probable

A

si + present indicativo + future/ present/ imperative

  • something likely to happen
  • -> si trabajas más, ahorrarás/ahorras/ ahorra
120
Q

oraciones condicionales: tipo 2 - posible/ improbable/ imposible

A

si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional

  • si trabajaras más, ahorrarías
121
Q

oraciones condicionales: tipo 3 - impossible, referring to the past

3

A

si + pluscuamperfecto + past conditional/ pluscuamperfecto / conditional

  • to talk about regrets, what could have been done
  • -> si huerais trabajado más, habrías ahorrado
  • si + hubieras must always be together
122
Q

oraciones condicionales: another way to express tipo 2? (posible, improbable, imposible)

A

DE + INFINITIVO

  • de trabajar más, ahorrarías
123
Q

oraciones condicionales: another way to express tipo 3? (imposible, past)

A

DE + INFINITIVO COMPUESTO

  • de haber trabajado más habrías ahorrado
124
Q

oraciones condicionales: what does SI not go with?

4

A
  • present subjunctive
  • preterito perfecto de subjuntivo (haya + pp)
  • future
  • conditional : is already in the conditional
125
Q

oraciones condicionales: what is the exception with si + the future?

A
  • it can be used with ‘NO + SABER SI + FUTURE

–> no sé si vendrá

126
Q

sufijos: diminutivos: rule with endings

A
  • if the word ends in R, N or E a C is added before the ‘ito/illo’ —> puenteCillo
127
Q

sufijos: diminutivos: monosyllables

2

A
  • words with one syllable take an extra EC before the ito/illo –> pez + ec + Ito —> pececito
  • if the word is one syllable and ends in a vowel : add CEC
  • -> pie + cec + ito = piececito
128
Q

sufijos: aumentativos: when to use AZO/A

2

A
  • to express admiration

- added to words in the masculine to mean ‘golpe’, the use of that thing to hit —> un codazo : un golpe con el codo

129
Q

sufijos: aumentativos: masculine / feminine rule?

A
  • with sufijos aumentativos, there is a tendency to ‘masculinizar’ the words

—> la casa: el casón

130
Q

sufijos despectivos: masculine/ feminine rule?

A
  • tendency to masculinizar

- –> la casa: el casucho

131
Q

verbos de cambio: what are they?

6

A
  • volverse
  • quedarse
  • ponerse
  • hacerse
  • conventirse en
  • llegar a ser
132
Q

verbos de cambio: used for

  • moral qualities
  • long lasting qualities
  • consequences from the past, usually negative
A

VOLVERSE

  • Kitty se ha vuelto fiestera desde que conoció a Pedro
133
Q

verbos de cambio: when to used VOLVERSE

3

A
  • moral qualities
  • long lasting qualities
  • consequences from the passing of time, usually negative
134
Q

verbos de cambio: used for:

  • a loss (permanent)
  • a change because of a process or activity
A

QUEDARSE

  • quedarse relajado tras hacer yoga
135
Q

verbos de cambio: when to use QUEDARSE

4

A
  • a loss (permanent)
  • a change because of a process or activity
  • with pregnancy : quedarse embarazada
  • to express surprise (in this case not permanent)
136
Q

verbos de cambio : used for:

  • cambio momentaneo
  • cambio de color
  • cambio de estado de salud o ánimo
A

PONERSE

  • me puse muy nervioso
137
Q

verbos de cambio: when to use PONERSE

3

A
  • cambio momentaneo
  • cambio de color
  • cambio de estado de salud o ánimo
138
Q

verbos de cambio: used for :

  • cambio de ideologia, religion & profession with the participation of the subject
  • expressions of time
  • to say ‘to pretend’
A

HACERSE

  • hacerse rico/ famoso/ comunista
  • hacerse tarde etc
  • hacerse el tonto/ hacerse el sueco (play dumb)
139
Q

verbos de cambio: when to use HACERSE

3

A
  • cambio de ideologia, religion & profession with the participation of the subject
  • expressions of time –> hacerse tarde
  • to say ‘to pretend’ : hacerse el tonto/ el sueco (hacerse + el / la)
140
Q

verbos de cambio: used for:

  • a radical change
  • when there is no participation from the subject
A

CONVERTIRSE EN + NOMBRE

141
Q

verbos de cambio: when to use CONVERTIRSE EN

3

A
    • a radical change
  • when there is no participation from the subject

BUT –> convertirse A + religion

142
Q

verbos de cambio: used for:

  • a change for the best, after a long and difficult process
  • an achievement
A

LLEGAR A SER

143
Q

verbos de cambio: when to used LLEGAR A SER

2

A
  • a change for the best, after a long and difficult process
  • an achievement

–> llegó a ser un novelista de éxito

144
Q

passive: when to use the preposition A in the active voice

A

when the direct object is a person

–> los manifestantes insultaron a la ministra

145
Q

passive: what are the 4 ways to avoid the passive

A

1 - put the passive into the active
2 - put the passive into the 3rd person plural
3 - duplicate the direct object with a pronoun
4 - use the impersonal ‘se’

146
Q

passive: when can you change the passive into the active

A
  • when there is a ‘complemento agente’ (who did the action)
  • ‘por….’

–> España fue invadida por los musulmanes

—–> Los musulmanes invadieron España

147
Q

passive: when to change the passive with the 3rd person plural

A
  • when there is not ‘complemento agente’, but we know that the act was done by a person/ people

—> fue asesinado

—–> lo asesinaron (3RD PERSON PLURAL - THEY)

148
Q

passive: when to change the passive by duplicating the direct object / pronoun

A
  • when there is a ‘complemento agente’ but you have placed the direct object at the start of the sentence (it should be near the end in the active voice, but is at the start in the passive)
  • add the suitable direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las) before the verb

—-> El coche fue vendido por el propietario

——-> El coche lo vendió el propietario.

149
Q

passive: when to change the passive with the impersonal ‘se’

2

A
  • when there is no agent
  • its more impersonal and formal

—-> No se sirven bebidas alcohólicas

  • when people are doing things to people : SE + SINGULAR VERB + A
150
Q

verbos del tipo gustar: what does gustar always agree with

A

gustar always agrees with what is liked

singular with verbs in the infinitive

151
Q

verbos del tipo gustar: what happens when the indirect object is introduced by :

A + PRONOUN

A + NAME

A
  • the pronoun is added or doubled (depending on whether it was a name or pronoun in the first place)
  • the pronoun (INDIRECT) which has been doubled must agree with the thing that is liking not what is liked

—-> Jane likes me: A Jane LE gusto

152
Q

verbos del tipo gustar: when the thing liked is before the verb, what happens with pronouns?

A
  • when the thing liked is before the verb and you are using a pronoun: you repeat the pronoun

—-> el café me gusta a mí

  • when using a name, the duplication is optional
153
Q

verbos del tipo gustar: what other verbs act in the same way as gustar
12

A
  • alegrar
  • apetecer
  • bastar
  • convenir
  • molar / chiflar
  • extrañar
  • faltar
  • importar
  • interesar
  • molestar
  • parece
  • sobrar (to have spare)
154
Q

meaning of: ponerse morado de

A

to be so so full

to eat loads

155
Q

meaning of: Ponerse blanco como la pared

A

reaction after receiving bad news

156
Q

meaning of: Quedarse en blanco

A

to go blank (mind)

157
Q

meaning of: Quedarse sin blanca

A

to be broke

158
Q

meaning of: Quedarse en los huesos

A

to become skin and bones

159
Q

meaning of: Quedarse de piedra

A

to be stunned, amazed

160
Q

palabras compuestas: what article is used with palabras compuestas?

A

EL/UN

always singular and always masculine

161
Q

palabras compuestas: the first half of the new word - how is it conjugated?

A

3rd person present subjunctive

162
Q

palabras compuestas: the second half of the new word - how does it change with agreements?

2

A
  • usually in the plural : lata —> latas

- with things that aren’t regarded as countable such as ‘sol’ it stays in the singular

163
Q

pese a - meaning and verbs afterwards

A

pese a - means despite/ in spite of

–> pese a + infinitive/ noun

164
Q

de ahí que - meaning and verb afterwards

A

meaning: therefore

de ahí que + subjunctive

165
Q

which words take capital letters?

A

JUST COUNTRIES

166
Q

prepositions: which prepositions do not make the personal pronouns change (Para + tú= para ti)
- preposition pronouns

7

A
  • entre (Entre tú y yo)
  • hasta
  • según (Según tú)
  • excepto
  • incluso
  • menos
  • salvo

TÚ AND YO ARE USED INSTEAD:

167
Q

prepositions: acordarse ___

A

DE

– acordarse de

168
Q

prepositions: recordar ___

A
  • recordar a —> to remind
  • –> Ese dibujo me recuerda a la etapa azul de Picasso.
  • recordar without preposition –> to remember
169
Q

prepositions: pensar ____

A

EN

  • pensar en

– Pienso mucho en ella y hasta sueño con ella a veces

170
Q

prepositions : when do facil / dificil take a preposition?

2

A

NO PREP:
es facil/ dificil + infinitive
–> Es fácil solucionar este problema.

PREP:
nombre + es facil/ dificil + de + infinitive
–> Este problema es fácil de solucionar.

171
Q

prepositions: hablar __ manera

A

hablar de manera

172
Q

prepositions: desconfiar __

A

desconfiar de

173
Q

prepositions: intentar __

A

NO PREPOSITION

–> Intenta ser un poco más sociable.

174
Q

prepositions : sinónimo __

A

sinónimo de

175
Q

prepositions: vestir __

A

vestir de

176
Q

prepositions: asistir __

A

asistir a

177
Q

what tense is used to talk about age or time in the past?

A

THE IMPERFECT

  • –> tenía solo 11 años
  • –> eran las cuatro de la tarde
178
Q

ser/ estar : something being legal

A

ser

179
Q

difference between
morirse
morire

A

morirse - natural causes

morire - they were killed etc

180
Q

what is the haber existencial

2

A
  • haber used just to express the presence or existence.of someone
  • its always in the 3rd person SINGULAR

—> Había muchas personas en la fiesta

181
Q

how to say: the more we do this ….the less this

A

Cuanto más ….. menos

—> Cuanto más gastas, menos ahorras

182
Q

what comes after: continuar/ seguir

A

continuar / seguir + gerund

—> Continuemos trabajando/Sigamos hablando

183
Q

what is the rule with haber + past participle & other words

A
  • nothing comes between haber and the past participle
184
Q

what comes after: parar/ dejar - to mean to stop doing something

A

para/ dejar de + infinitive

185
Q

future subjunctive?

A

not used

- instead present subjunctive used

186
Q

si bien - meaning and verbs coming afterwards

A

si bien - means although/ even though

—> si bien + indicative

187
Q

direct object pronouns

A 
ME 
TE
LO/ LA
NOS
OS
LOS/ LAS
188
Q

indirect object pronouns

A 
ME
TE
LE
NOS
OS
LES
189
Q

subjuntivo: imagino que

A

indicative

190
Q

subjuntivo: decir

2

A

decir + indicative: to say

decir + subjunctive: a command

191
Q

subjuntivo: parece mentira

A

subjunctive

192
Q

subjuntivo: es conveniente que

A

subjunctive

193
Q

subjuntivo : es normal que

A

subjunctive

194
Q

subjuntivo: es mejor que

A

subjunctive

195
Q

subjuntivo: when does hasta + que take subjunctive

A

when there is an idea of the future

196
Q

passive: what kind of pronoun is used in the duplication of pronouns?

A

DIRECT PRONOUNS :

ME 
TE 
LO/ LA 
NOS
OS 
LOS/ LAS
197
Q

verbos de cambio: what usually goes with loco

A

volverse

198
Q

prepositions: depender __

A

depender de

199
Q

no siquiera - meaning

A

not even

200
Q

tampoco - meaning

A

neither

Spanish 2 (5 decks)

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