Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spanish > grammar > Flashcards

grammar Flashcards

1
Q

how is the pretérito perfecto formed

present perfect

A

present haber + past participle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the pretérito perfecto used for
(present perfect)
he + __ido/ado

A

to talk about something that has happened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is the past perfect formed

pluscuamperfecto

A

imperfect haber + past participle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the pluscuamperfecto used for
(past perfect)
había + __ido/ado

A

describe something which had happened before something else in the past
- i had not done = no había hecho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the condicional compuesto formed

conditional perfect

A

conditional haber + past participle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when is the condicional compuesto used

A

to talk about something you would have done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tu imperative

how is it formed

A

3rd person singular ending

take away the ‘S’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

irregular - tu imperative for DECIR

A

di

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

irregular - tu imperative for SALIR

A

sal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

irregular - tu imperative for HACER

A

haz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

irregular - tu imperative for SER

A

sé

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

irregular - tu imperative for IR

A

ve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

irregular - tu imperative for TENER

A

ten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

irregular - tu imperative for PONER

A

pon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

irregular - tu imperative for VENIR

A

ven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is the negative imperative for TU formed

A

subjunctive tu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is the VOSOTROS imperative formed

A

take the stem, remove the R and add D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does vosotros reflexive imperative work (3)

A
  • final D is dropped, replaced with pronoun OS
  • except for IRSE - idos
  • verbs ending in IR require an accent = vestíos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does USTED affirmative and negative imperative work

A

3rd person subjunctive

- ‘NO’ is added in front for negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does USTEDES affirmative and negative imperative work

A

3rd person plural subjunctive

- NO is added in front for negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pronouns & the imperative: which comes first, direct or indirect object pronoun?

A

indirect object pronoun
then
direct object pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pronouns & the imperative: what are the accent rules (3)

A

1) if the command has two syllables (e.g compre) then an accent is needed if one or two pronouns are added.
- -> cómprelo
2) if the command has one syllable (e.g haz) then an accent is only needed if two pronouns are added.
- -> hazlo
- -> házmelo
3) accent must be added to the next to last syllable before pronoun is added.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pronouns & the negative imperative: what is the pronoun order?

A
  • pronouns go before the command

- indirect object pronouns go before the direct object pronouns if both are needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the pronoun rule if both pronouns begin with ‘L’ one after the other

A

the first one must change to ‘SE’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
when is a definite article not needed
- when the noun comes before: cierto/a, medio/a, tal(es), otro/a, or mil. - professions, religions or nationalities. - to describe an unknown amount of something - talking about possession with tener (unless its followed by an adjective - when something is describing a particular quality of the noun)
26
neuter LO uses
- to express an abstract possesion - 'lo mio' | - lo + adjective to emphasise the adjective
27
the definite articles
el la los las
28
which words take EL instead of LA as definite articles because of their 'A' pronunciation (5)
``` el aula el agua el hambre el arma el hacha ```
29
time and definite articles: what is la/ las used for what is el used for
La / las + horas | el + fechas
30
demostrativos -- when to use : este, esta, estos, estas
- to talk about something close by | - to talk about something in the present, or the near past and future
31
demostrativos -- when to use: ese, esa, esos, esas
- to talk about something reasonably close | - to talk about the present and future of things already mentioned
32
demostrativos -- when to use - aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
- to talk about something far away | - to talk a past from a long time ago
33
demostrativos -- the difference between ESTO and ESO
Esto - something which we will add on | eso - something already said
34
present - 1st person irregulars | what do verbs ending in GUIR change to
GO | e.g extinguir --> extingo
35
present - 1st person irregulars | what do verbs ending in GER change to
J | e.g recoger --> recojo
36
1st person present of caer
caigo
37
1st person present of dar
doy
38
1st person present of hacer
hago
39
1st person present of poner
pongo
40
1st person present of saber
sé
41
1st person present of traer
traigo
42
1st person present of ver
veo
43
1st person present of conocer
conozco
44
subjunctive of DAR
``` dé des dé demos deis den ```
45
subjunctive of HABER
``` haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan ```
46
subjunctive or ESTAR
``` esté estés esté estemos estéis estén ```
47
subjunctive of SER
``` sea seas sea seamos seáis sean ```
48
subjunctive of IR
``` vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayáis vayan ```
49
how is the imperfect subjunctive formed
3rd person preterite stem + ra/ras/ra/ramos/rais/ran
50
how is el subjunctivo del pluscuamperfecto formed
imperfect subjunctive of haber + past participle | hubiera + ___ido/ado
51
use of el subjuntivo del pluscuamperfecto
- used to talk about something that happened before something else in the past - to talk about emotions and desires - paired with the present and past conditional in 'if clauses' to express impossible situations.
52
which tense to use if the governing verb is in the - imperfect - preterite - past perfect (pluscuamperfecto)
imperfect subjunctive
53
which tense to use if the governing verb is in the - conditional - conditional perfect (condicional compuesto)
pluscuamperfecto
54
preterite of ir
``` fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron ```
55
preterite of SER
``` fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron ```
56
preterite of dar
``` di diste dio dimos disteis dieron ```
57
preterite of ver
``` vi viste vio vimos visteis vieron ```
58
direct pronouns
lo la las los
59
indirect pronouns
``` me te le nos os les ```
60
what happens when an indirect pronoun is next to a direct pronoun
the indirect pronoun changes the L to an S | se lo
61
oraciones causales: what comes after 'por si'
the imperfect subjunctive | the present
62
what is the difference between tan and tanto
tan - means 'so', used with adverbs and adjectives | tanto - means 'so much' or 'as much' when used with como, used with nouns
63
what are the three possible variations of the oraciones condiciones posibilies
SI + PRESENT + IMPERATIVE SI + PRESENT + FUTURE SI + PRESENT + PRESENT
64
what tenses are used in condiciones poco probables
SI + IMPERFECTO SUBJUNCTIVO + CONDICIONAL
65
What tenses are used in condiciones imposibles
SI + PLUSCUAMPERFECTO DE SUBJUNCTIVO + CONDICIONAL SI + PLUSCUAMPERFECTO DE SUBJ + PLUSCUAMPERFECTO DE SUBJ.
66
how to form the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
imperfect subjunctive of haber + past participle | hubiera etc
67
imperfect subjunctive of haber
``` hubiera hubieras hubiera hubiéramos hubierais hubieran ```
68
what tense is used in oraciones finales
subjunctive is used unless the subject is the same in both clauses of the sentence, in this case the infinitive is used.
69
oraciones causales por a causa de plus what??
+ nouns / pronouns / infinite
70
``` oraciones causales porque ya que puesto que es que como (start of sentence) plus what?? ```
+ indicative / nouns
71
oraciones temporales: what comes after antes de después de hastA
the infinite
72
how is the passive voice formed
ser + participe passado + por
73
how is the active voice formed
1 - impersonal se: se + verb in the third person + a subjet | 2 = 3rd person preterite
74
se impersonal: what happens with reflexive verbs
since the SE is already used, we use 'la gente' or 'uno' in front of se.
75
oraciones concesivas: por muy....
por muy + adjectives + que + subjuncitive
76
oraciones concesivas: a pesar de + ?? a pesar de que + ??
a pesar de + infinite | a pesar de que + indicative
77
oraciones concesivas: por mucho/poco...
por mucho/poco + que + sustantivo + subjunctive
78
which type of pronoun is usually used for people
indirect
79
when to use direct pronouns
- to replace the direct object (the object that directly recieves the action of the verb) - often used for things, that which recieves the action of the verb
80
when to use an indirect pronoun
- to replace indirect objects, ask - to who?? | - usually used for people
81
when to use SER
- permanent and lasting attributes - Descriptions - Occupation - Time (dates, days, years etc) - Origin (where from & materials) - Relationships
82
when to use ESTER
- temporary sates - Locations - Conditions - Emotions
83
future endings
``` é ás á amos eís an ```

Spanish (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions