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Higher Spanish🇪🇸🇪🇸 > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Imperfect past -AR Verbs

A 
Yo - aba
Tú - abas 
Él/Ella - aba
Nosotros - ábamos
Vosotros - abais
Ellos/ellas - aban
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2
Q

Imperfect past -IR + ER Verbs

A 
Yo - ía
Tú - ías
Él/ella - ía
Nosotros - íamos
Vosotros - íais
Ellos/ellas - ían
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3
Q

What types of words take imperfect in past?

A 
Location
Age
Emotional state
Weather
Habitual past action
Describing what was happening/ setting scene/description of people and places
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4
Q

Present - AR

A 
Yo - o
Tú - as
El/ella - a
Nosotros - amos
Vosotros- aís
Ellos/ellas - an
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5
Q

Present - ER

A 
Yo - o
Tú - es
El/ella - e
Nosotros - emos
Vosotros- eís
Ellos/ellas - en
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6
Q

Present - IR

A 
Yo - o
Tú - es
El/ella - e
Nosotros - imos
Vosotros- ís
Ellos/ellas - en
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7
Q

Tener

A 
Yo - tengo
Tú - tienes
El/ella - tiene
Nosotros - tenemos
Vosotros- tenéis
Ellos/ellas - tienen
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8
Q

Ser

A 
Yo - soy
Tú - eres
El/ella - es
Nosotros - somos
Vosotros- sois
Ellos/ellas - son
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9
Q

Estar

A 
Yo - estoy
Tú - estás 
El/ella - está
Nosotros - estamos
Vosotros- estáis 
Ellos/ellas - están
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10
Q

Present- Do you like it?

A

¿Te gusta?

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11
Q

Past - did you like it?

A

¿Te gustó?

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12
Q

Preterite tense - AR

A 
Yo - é
Tú - aste 
El/ella - ó
Nosotros - amos
Vosotros- asteis 
Ellos/ellas - aron
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13
Q

Preterite - ER/IR

A 
Yo - í
Tú - iste 
El/ella - ió
Nosotros - imos
Vosotros- isteis 
Ellos/ellas - ieron
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14
Q

Irregular preterite

A 
SER=to be 
Yo - fui
Tú - fuiste
El/ella - fue
Nosotros - fuimos
Vosotros- fuisteis
Ellos/ellas - fueron
IR=to go
Voy - i go 
Vas - you go
Va - he/she goes
Vamos - we go
Vais - you go
Van - they go
HACER=to do/make
Yo - hice
Tú - hiciste
El/ella - hizo
Nosotros - hicimos
Vosotros- hicisteis
Ellos/ellas - hicieron
DECIR=to say
Yo - dije
Tú - dijiste
El/ella - dijo
Nosotros - dijimos
Vosotros- dijisteis
Ellos/ellas - dijeron
VER=to watch/see
Yo - vi
Tú - viste
El/ella - vio
Nosotros - vimos
Vosotros- visteis
Ellos/ellas - vieron
TRAER=to bring
Yo - traje
Tú - trajiste
El/ella - trajo
Nosotros - trajimos
Vosotros- trajisteis
Ellos/ellas - trajeron
Poner=to put
Yo - puse
Tú - pusiste
El/ella - puso
Nosotros - pusimos
Vosotros- pusisteis
Ellos/ellas - pusieron
Poder=to be able
Yo - pude
Tú - pudiste
El/ella - pudo
Nosotros - pudimos
Vosotros- pudisteis
Ellos/ellas - pudieron
Saber=to know
Yo - supe
Tú - supiste
El/ella - supo
Nosotros - supimos
Vosotros- supisteis
Ellos/ellas - supieron
Tener=to have
Yo - tuve
Tú - tuviste
El/ella - tuvo
Nosotros - tuvimos
Vosotros- tuvisteis
Ellos/ellas - tuvieron
Estar=to be
Yo - estuve
Tú - estuviste
El/ella - estuvo
Nosotros - estuvimos
Vosotros- estuvisteis
Ellos/ellas - estuvieron
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15
Q

What can happen to some words in ‘I’ form of verb

A

Spelling change

E.g. Jugar -> jugué

   Sacar -> sacué
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16
Q

Definition of preterite

A

Completed action in the past

17
Q

Definition of imperfect tense

A

Repetition of action in the past and to describe specific aspects of work experience

18
Q

Immediate future tense

A

Take present tense of verb ir + a

Yo - voy a - i am going to
Tú - vas a - you are going to
El/ella - va a - he/she is going to
Nosotros - vamos a - we are going to
Vosotros - vais a - you are going to
Ellos/ellas - van a - they are going to
19
Q

Future tense (AR/ER/IR all same)

A 
Use full inf and add on ending:
Yo - é
Tú - ás
El/ella - á
Nosotros - emos
Vosotros- eis
Ellos/ellas - án

Example:
I will buy -> compraré
I will study -> estudiaré
They will go -> irán

20
Q

Irregular future

A 
Decir - to say - diré
Hacer - to do/make - haré
Querer - to want - querré
Poder- to be able to - podré
Saber - to know - sabré
Tener - to have - tendré
Poner - to put - pondré
Haber - to be - habré
Stems
Hacer(har)
Tener(tendr)
Poder(podr)
Querer(querr)
Haber(habr)
Salir(saldr)
Poner(pondr)
Venir(vendr)
Decir(dir)
Saber(sabr)
Caber(cabr)
Valer(valdr)
21
Q

Irregular present (15)

A

Ir- to give:
voy, vas, va, vamos, vias, van

Dar- to give:
doy, das, da, damos, dias, dan

Estar- to be:
estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están

Poner- to put:
pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen

Hacer- to do/make:
hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen

Valer- to value/be worth
valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen

Traer- to bring
traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen

Salir- to leave/go out
salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen

Caer- to fall
caigo, caes, cae, cayemos, cayéis, caen

Oir- to hear
oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen

Aparecer- to appear
aparezco, apareces …

Conocer- to know
conozco, conoces …

Conducir- to drive
conduzco, conduces …

Ser- to be
soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son

Saber- to know(fact)
sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben

22
Q

First class stem changing verbs e-ie (exception=nosotros + vosotros). (10)

A 
Cerrar - to close
Comenzar - to begin
Despertar - to awaken
Defender - to defend
Empezar - to begin
Entender - to understand
Negar - to deny
Pensar - to think
Perder - to lose
Querer - to want
E.g. Cerrar
Yo - cierro
Tú - cierras
El/ella - cierra
Nosotros - cerramos
Vosotros- cerráis 
Ellos/ellas - cierran
23
Q

First class stem changing verbs o-ue (11)

A 
Acordar - to remember 
Recordar - to record
Almorzar - to have lunch
Contar - to count/tell
Probar - to try
Mostrar - to show
Encontrar - to find
Devolver - to return/send back
Volver - to return
Poder- to be able to 
Mover - to move
E.g. Acordar
Yo - acuerdo
Tú - acuerdas
El/ella - acuerda
Nosotros - acordamos
Vosotros- acordáis 
Ellos/ellas - acuerdan
24
Q

Jugar stem change

A

U-ue

Juego …

25
Q

2nd class stem change verbs e-ie. (4)

A

Stem changes in more than one tense.

Sentir - to feel/regret
Preferir - to prefer
Mentir - to lie
Sugerir - to suggest

26
Q

2nd class stem change verbs o-ue. (2)

A

Dormir - to sleep

Morir - to die

27
Q

3rd class stem change verbs e-i. (9)

A

Change in stem of infinitive

Despedir - to dismiss/fire
Freir - to fry
Impedir - to impede/block
Repetir - to repeat
Reír - to laugh
Reñir - to argue 
Servir - to serve
Pedir - to ask for
Sonreír - to smile
E.g. Reír- to laugh
Yo - río
Tú - ríes
El/ella - ríe
Nosotros - reímos 
Vosotros- reís
Ellos/ellas - ríen
28
Q

Imperfect irregular

A

Ir- to go

Yo - iba
Tú - ibas
El/ella - iba
Nosotros - ibamos
Vosotros- ibais
Ellos/ellas - iban

Ser- to be

Yo - era
Tú - eras
El/ella - era
Nosotros - eramos
Vosotros- erais
Ellos/ellas - eran

Ver- to see/watch

Yo - veía
Tú - veías
El/ella - veía
Nosotros - veíamos
Vosotros- veíais
Ellos/ellas - veían
29
Q

Gustar

A 
Yo - me gusta
Tú - tu gusta
El/ella - le gusta
Nosotros - nos gusta
Vosotros- os gusta
Ellos/ellas - les gusta

gustA + singular noun/verb
gustAN + plural noun/verb

31
Q

Reflexive (present tense)

A

Verb where subject does an action to themself

LEVANTARSE ~ to get (oneself) up

Me levanto
Te levantas
Se levanta
Nos levantamos
Os levantáis 
Se levantan
^                  \
Reflexive.     Present tense endings
Pronoun
32
Q

Reflexive verb stem change e-ie

A

Actual endings stay the same as regular verbs, only the middle changes

DESPERTARSE

Me despierto
Te despiertas 
Se despierta
Nos despertamos
Os despertáis
Se despiertan
33
Q

Perfect tense
(I have seen, she has lost)
3 step process to form perfect tense

A
  1. Find correct form of HABER for “have”
Yo - he
Tú - has
El/ella - ha
Nosotros - hemos
Vosotros- habéis 
Ellos/ellas - han
  1. Find inf of verb that has been done e.g. “Spoken”- to speak- hablar
  2. Turn into past participle
    •take off 2 letter ending
    •for -AR add ‘ado’ for -ER/IR add
    ‘ido’

E.g. “Eaten” -eat -comer
Com-
Comido

     "Lived" -to live -vivir
         Viv-
         Vivido
E.g. AR     HABLAR
Yo - he hablado
Tú - has hablado
El/ella - ha hablado
Nosotros - hemos hablado
Vosotros- habéis hablado
Ellos/ellas - han hablado

(Ya hemos hablado - we’ve already spoken)

34
Q

Irregular past participle

A 
Abrir -abierto(opened)
Decir-dicho(said)
Describir-describierto(described)
Descubrir-descubierto(discovered)
Escribir-escrito(written)
Hacer-hecho(made/done)
Morir-muerto(died)
Poner-puesto(put)
Romper-roto(broken)
Ver-visto(seen)
Volver-vuelto(returned)

•to make negative add “no” in front of “haber” part (haber+past participle never get separated)

•for reflexive add reflexive pronoun in front of “haber” part
e.g.Se ha despertado-he has woken up

35
Q

Present continuous

A

What you are doing right now (e.g. I am writing)

Use present tense of estar with the gerund

AR verb
  HABLAR -> hablando 
Estoy hablando - i am speaking
Estás hablando - you are speaking
Está hablando - he/she is speaking

ER/IR verb
Comer -> comiendo
Vivir -> viviendo

36
Q

Future conditional

I would…

A 
Take inf and add ending as follows:
Yo - ía
Tú - ías
El/ella - ía
Nosotros - íamos
Vosotros- íais
Ellos/ellas - ían
37
Q

Irregular conditional

A

Endings stay the same only stem changes:

  • caber~ to fit~ cabr-
  • decir~ to say~ dir-
  • haber~ to have~ habr-
  • hacer~ to do/make~ har-
  • poder~ to be able~ podr-
  • poner~ to put~ pondr-
  • querer~ to want~ querr-
  • saber~ to know~ sabr-
  • salir~ to leave/go out~ saldr-
  • tener~ to have~ tendr-
  • valer~ to be worth~ valdr-
  • venir~ to come~ vendr-
38
Q

Estar + ser

A 
Ser used for:
•nationality ~es escocesa
•occupation~son médicos
•colour ~ es verde 
•size ~ es muy grande
•character ~ es muy amable 
•possessions ~ es la casa de Juanes
•time ~ son las nueve

Estar used for:
•location/position ~ está en Inglaterra
•temporary state* ~ está muy alegre

*(mood, health etc)

39
Q

Direct object pronouns

A 
Exclusively people:
Me = I
Te = you(s)
Nos = we
Os = you(pl)

People and things:
Lo/la = he/she/it
Los/las = they

Pronouns replace things or people that are direct objects:
•yo como los tomates-i eat tomatoes
= yo los como ~ i eat them

ALL OBJECT PRONOUNS ARE PLACED EITHER BEFORE A CONJUGATED VERB(except for affirmative command forms)
Oscar LA ayuda= Oscar, ayudarLA

OR AFTER AN INFINITIVE OR GERUND(present participle)
  Oscar LA va a ayudar
   =oscar va a ayudarLA
  Oscar LA está ayudando
   =oscar está ayudandoLA
40
Q

Por and para

A

Para usually used for:
•Destination
•limitation
•purpose

Por has meaning of:
•In behalf of
•in favour of
•instead of
•through 
•along

Higher Spanish🇪🇸🇪🇸 (3 decks)

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