Grammar Flashcards
Name 8 parts of speech
Nouns, pro nouns, adjectives, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections
Noun
person, place or thing or idea
Common Noun
general, not the particular name of a person place or thing
example: nurse, hospital
Proper Noun
official name of a person
abstract noun
a quality or general idea
democracy
collective noun
group of persons animals or things
family, flock, furniture
pronoun
is a word that takes place of a noun , another pronoun or a group of words acting as a noun.
Ex: Mine, My, His, Hers , Your, that, this, their
Antecedent
the word or words the pronoun is referring to
personal pronoun
takes the place of a specific person place or thing by indicating the person speaking, 1st person (we), second person (you), third person them
Possessive Pronoun
A form of personal pronoun that shows possesion or ownership. Ex: This is MY book. That book is MINE. That is HIS book.
Adjective
word, phrase, or clause that modifies a noun or pronoun It answers the question what kind, which one, how many, how much
Ex: Biology, nice,very
Participle
Participle a type of verb form that functions as an adjective and usually ends in -ing or -ed.
Verb
a word or phrase that used to express an action or state of being. Verbs express time through a property called a tense
Linking verb
does not show action but link the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or predicate adjective
Ex: Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Being, Been
Adverb
it is a word or phrase or clause that modifies a verb and adjective or another adverb
Preposition
a word that shows a relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence
Ex: Aboard, About, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among….pg 64
Prepositional phrases
Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun, which is called the object of the preposition
Conjunction
joins together words, phrases or clauses
Ex: And, but, or, so, nor, for yet
Interjection
a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. It does not have ant grammatical connection to the other words in the sentence
Correlative conjunctions
works in pairs to join words or phrases
Clause
group of words that has a subject and predicate
Independent clause
expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence
Dependent clause
begins with a subordinating conjunction and does not express a complete thought and therefore cannot stand alone as a sentence
subordinating conjunctions
join two clauses or thoughts
Ex: After, because, before, until, since, when
Direct object
the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb. Answers the question what or whom after a transitive verb
Indirect object
the person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. It answers the question to whom for whom to what or for what after an action verb
Phrase
a group of two or more words that acts as a single part of speech, it can be used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb, it lacks a subject and predicate
Predicate
part of the sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject. It includes the verb and all the words that modify the verb.
predicate adjective
follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject
predicate nominative
a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain or rename the subject
Ex: Professors are TEACHERS.
Sentence
group of words that express a complete thought. Every sentence has a subject and predicate
Four types of sentences
declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory
Declarative sentence
makes a statement.
ex: I went to the store.
Interrogative sentence
Asks a question
Ex: Did you go to the store?
Imperative sentence
Makes a command or request.
Ex: Go to the store.
Exclamatory sentence
Makes an exclamation.
Ex: You went to the store!
Subject
Word, phrase or clause that names whom or what the sentence is about.
Subject-verb agreement
must agree with its verb in number.
A singular subject requires a singular verb
When collective noun is acting as singular use a singular verb
When the group is acting as separate identities use plural verb
When subject is single and plural nouns and are connected by the words or, either, or, neither, only, but ,also choose the subject that is closest to the verb
Compound sentence
is a sentence that has two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. When two independent clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and but or nor place a comma.
Pronoun Case
refers to the form of a noun or a pronoun that indicates its relation to the other words in the sentence.
Because, although, among and however introduce what?
independent clauses
Should you end a sentence with a preposition?
No
Cliches
expressions or ideas that have lost their originality or impact over time because of excessive use
Ex: dead as a doornail, Blind as a bat
Euphemism
mild, indirect or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.
Ex: passed away, gone with the lord
Go over commonly mistaken words starting page 70
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