Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
Future (St)
A
سـ + present
2
Q
Negating Present
A
لا + present
3
Q
Negating past
A
لٓم + present
take out the middle vowel. ie.
احتاج - لم احتج إلى
drop ن
4
Q
Negating future
A
Standard: لن + present Spoken: ما رح + present
5
Q
Negating in spoken
A
ما + present or past
6
Q
Hollow Verb
A
Vowel in middle Dropped in 1st and 2nd person, 3rd Person stays the same (in past tense)
7
Q
Defective Verb
A
Vowel at the end ى becomes ي
(1st and 2nd person only)
8
Q
Weak verb
A
ا - و
9
Q
Comparative
A
أٓ+root + من
مِن أٓقدم
10
Q
Superlative
A
Comparative + object
11
Q
2 verbs
A
Conjugate both verbs 1st verb أن - second verb present
(2nd becomes subjunctive, drop ن)
12
Q
Non-human Plural
The modern Chairs
الكراسي ـــــــــــــــ
A
Takes singular feminine adjective.
الكراسي الحديثة
13
Q
Idafa
A
Last noun is definite (الـ)
Drop ن in first word
14
Q
Because
A
- بسبب because of + noun
- لِأن if followed by noun . Conjugate if followed by verb
- لِـ in order to
- عشان spoken, but don’t need to conjugate
15
Q
Nisba
A
To make a noun into an adjective.
Profession - professional etc.
Remove ة, ي and الـ Add ـي
16
Q
Pronouns - singular
A
I - أنا
You m - أنتٓ
You f - أنتِ
He - هو
She - هي
17
Q
Pronouns - plural
A
We - نٓحنُ
You pl m - أنتم
You pl f - أنتُن
They m - هُم
They f - هُن
17
Q
Pronouns - dual
A
We - نَحْنُ
You dual m - أنتُما
You dual f - أنتُما
They dual m - هُما
They dual f - هُما
18
Q
Adjectives - Permanent
A
Root + ي (or و) in 2nd to last letter i.e. جميل كبير قديم
19
Q
Adjectives - Temporary
A
‘Feeling’ or short term state (cold, hungry, thirsty etc.) Root + ا ن i.e. تعبان - tired جوعان - hungry عٓطشان - thirsty نمسان - sleepy حجلان - shy بردان - feeling cold حرّان - feeling hot
20
Q
Adverbs
A
1) adding بشكل ‘In a way’ I.e. بشكل سريع - in a quick way
2) adding ـاً ‘…ly’ I.e. سريعاً - quickly
3) adding بِـ ‘With the action’ I.e. بسرعة - with speed
21
Q
Verbal sentences
A
1st verb is in singular even if plural
22
Q
‘That’
I know that
A
أٓنَّ
Anna Conjugate
أعرِف أٓنَّ
23
Q
Verily / indeed
A
إِنَّ Inna
Conjugate
Standard only
24
To make the infinitive
## Footnote
I want 'to visit'
أٓنْ أريد أَنْ أزور
## Footnote
Not used in spoken
25
About
عن
26
To want - 2 ways
1) verb أرادٓ / يُرِيد Hollow verb, conjugated as a verb Standard only
2) بدّ + pronoun Conjugate with possessive pronouns Spoken only Most common
27
To want Spoken
بدّي
بدّي
بدٓك
بدِك
بده
بدها
بدنا
بدهم
بدهن
28
To have
عِند + possessive pronouns
## Footnote
عِندي
عِندٓك
عِندِك
عِندنا
عنده
عندها
عندهم
عندهن
29
A beautiful river
| (Adjective Matching)
نهر جميل
30
A beautiful girl
| (Adjective Matching)
بنت جميلة
31
A new teacher
| (Adjective Matching)
مدرّس جديد
32
A new car
| (Adjective matching)
سيّارة جديدة
33
Describing Word
'The Objecect **is** something'
The river **is** beautiful
النهر جميل
34
Describing Word
'The Objecect **is** something'
The car **is** new
السيّارة جديدة
35
Describing Definite Nouns
The something, The adjective
'The new teacher'
المدرّس ــــــــــــــــ
المدرّس الجديد
36
Positional
The newspaper is **on** the chair
الجريدة ــــــــ الكُرسي
الجريدة على الكُرسي
37
Positional
There is a dog **under** the table
هناك كلب ـــــــ المائدة
هناك كلب تَحتَ المائدة
38
Positional
The school is **on the left**
المَدرسة ـــــــ ـــــــــ
المَدرسة على اليسار
39
Positional
We went **to the right**
ذَهبنا ـــــــــــ ــــــــــــ
ذَهَبنا إلى اليمين
40
Positional
The window is **between** the cupboard and the chair.
الشبّاك ـــــــــــ الخزانة والكرسي
الشبّاك بين الخزانة والكرسي
41
Positional
There are cars **infront** of the house
هناك سيّارات ــــــــــ البيت
هناك سيّارات أمام البيت
42
Positional
The bed is **beside** the door
السرير ـــــــــــــ الباب
السرير بجانب الباب
43
Comparatives
The palace is **older than** the mosque
القصر ـــــــ ــــــــ المسجد
القصر **أقدم من** المسجد
44
Comparatives
This car is **faster than** that car
هذه السيّرة ـــــــ ــــــــ تاك السيّرة
هذه السيّرا **أسرع من** تلك السيّرة
45
Superlative
The **fastest** car
ــــــــــ سيّارة
**أسرع** سيّارة
46
Superlative
The **most beautiful** river
ـــــــــــ نهر
**أجمل** نهر
47
As for (أمّا ....ف)
As for the street, it is quiet
ـــــــ الشارع _ هادئ
أمّا الشارع فهو هادئ
48
Therefore or For That Reason
لذاك
For that reason it is suitable for active people only
ـــــ ـــــــ مناسبة للنشيطين فَقَط
لذلك فهي مناسبة للنشيطين فَقَط
49
Pronouns
## Footnote
My Book
كِتَابِي
50
Pronouns
## Footnote
Our Book
كِتَاُبنا
51
Pronouns
## Footnote
Your Book (sing m)
كِتَابَك
52
Pronouns
## Footnote
Your Book (Dual)
كِتَابَكُمَا
53
Pronouns
## Footnote
Your Book (Pl m)
كِتَابَكُمْ
54
Pronouns
## Footnote
Your Book (sing f)
كِتَابكِ
55
Pronouns
## Footnote
Your Book (Pl f)
كِتَابكُنَّ
56
Pronouns
## Footnote
His Book
كِتَابهُ
57
Pronouns
## Footnote
Her Book
كِتَابها
58
Pronouns
## Footnote
Their Book (dual)
كِتَابهُمَا
59
Pronouns
## Footnote
Their Book (pl m)
كِتَابهُمْ
60
Pronouns
## Footnote
Their Book (pl f)
كِتَابهُنَّ
61
**They (m)** open
## Footnote
ـــــــــــــــــ يَفتَحون
**هُم** يفتحون
62
**You** (pl) open
## Footnote
ـــــــــ تَفتَحون
**أنتُم** تفتحون
63
Jussive
## Footnote
Nagating Past = لم + present - ن
64
Nominitive Case = Subject + ُ
65
Accusative = Object + َ
66
Genetive = After Preposition + ِ
67
In Order To
حتى
## Footnote
+ present
- ن
68
Before a verb
After a Verb
+ ما
**Before I go**
**After I eat**
قبل ما أذهب
## Footnote
بعد ما أكل
69
I Must...
## Footnote
(It is necessary that I)
**I must go**
**I must try**
**من الازم أن أذهب**
**من الازم أن أحاول**
70
I Had to
## Footnote
(I must in past tense)
**I had to say**
**كان من الأزم أن أقول**
71
I have (recently done something)
## Footnote
**I have spoken to him**
للتو تكلمته
## Footnote
للتو + past
72
**Either .... or**
**Did you eat or drink?**
**تكل ــــــــــ تشرب؟**
إما .... أم
## Footnote
كلت أم شربت؟
73
I had (I did have)
I had to (It was necessary for me)
كان عندي
## Footnote
كان من لازم عن
74
Question marker
هل
## Footnote
written MSA only
75
**ون**....... If they are not doing anything (nominative)
**ين**........ Anthing else
Doing something, verbs, possessies etc
*I met the teachers*
قبالت المدرِّسين
76
Who / Which
## Footnote
(referring to someone or somebody)
**Definite** only
Who M - الّذِي
Who F - الَّتِي
Who pl M - النِين
Who pl F - اللواتي
Followed by returner (ie ه ها)
*The Man who I saw*
الرجل الّذِي رأيته
77
Adjectives
## Footnote
Match
1) Gender - البنت الصغيرة
2) Number - الأولاد الصغار
3) Definition -
4) Case
**The British Embassy**
***The Embassy of Britain***
**السفارة البريطانية**
## Footnote
***سفارة بريطانيا***
78
Some / Most / etc
Amount + ال + plural
Some - بعض + ال + ج
All - كل + ال + ج
Most - هعطم + ال + ج
A number - عِدَّة + ال + ج
**A number of questions**
**عِدَّة الأسؤلة**
79
'To' - Spoken
## Footnote
I want to go to the Office
عا = إلى = لـ
## Footnote
بدّي اروح عالمكتب
80
Pronunciation of
ق
ahh
81
Can (To be able to)
## Footnote
Sp & Short
في + ني / ك / نا / ه / ها / كم / هم
82
What
شو
83
Why
ليش
84
Future (Sp)
رح + present
85
Used to
## Footnote
He used to speak
We were speaking
كان + present
## Footnote
كان بيحكي
كنا منحكي
86
Pronounciation in Levantine Dialects
For all present tense verbs (first one)
بـ + normal conjugated verb
except for نحن
مـ + 'we' conjugated verb
87
A Case 1
## Footnote
كان / ليس / صار
the 'information' (2nd word) has اً
(indefinite & masc only)
**كان الولد صغيراً**
88
A Case 2
## Footnote
إن / أن / لكن
The 'beginning' (subject) has اً
or the beginning goes from ون to ين
or the beginning goes from ان to ين
(indefinite & masc only)
89
A Case 3
## Footnote
When to go into A Case:
- كان / ليس / صار
- Accusation / object
- Adverbs
- Feelings
- Numbers 11 - 99 (Noun is in A-case, singular and indefinite)
90
Writing 'Qs'
## Footnote
* كان / لبي / صار
* ون / ين - ان / ين
* Indefinite nouns (اً)
* Adjectives - matching
* Numbers
* Idafa (drop ن in 1st)
91
"I used to..."
## Footnote
Past Progressive -
Present + كان
لما منت بالصعودية **كنت أقر**ا كل ويم
When I was in Saudi **I used to read** every day
92
"I had to ..... (when)"
## Footnote
Pluperfect
Past + كان
**كانوا خلصوا** الحكي لما خليل إجا
**They had finished** speaking when Khaleel came.
93
"I was going to ..... (when)"
## Footnote
Past Future
Present + كان + رح
**كانت رح تحكي** مع مديرا بس بطّلت
**She was going to speak** with her manager but she stopped
94
"I will have ...."
## Footnote
Past + رح + يكون
بعد شهر من هلق **رح تكون برطانيا قرّرت** إزا رح تضل
After a month from now, **Britain will have decided** if to remain
95
Ongoing
## Footnote
Present + عم
"I am continuing to write."
عم أكتب
96
'General Concepts'
## Footnote
are definite الـ
97
Superlative - Colloquial
## Footnote
شي + Comparative
The most beautiful girl
The best
أحلى شي بنت
أحسن شي
98
If - Standard
## Footnote
* If hypothetical - لو (Low)
* If neutral - إن (ina)
* If certaintiy - إذا
All past tense
Were he to go, he would see
If he went he would see
If he goes he will see
لو ذهب لَرأى
إن دهب رأى
إذا ذهب رأى
99
If - Colloquial
## Footnote
* Expected - إذا izza
* Low probability - لو low
If he goes he will see
If he goes he will probably see
إذا يروح رح يشوف
لو راح ممكن رح شوف
100
This - Colloquial
## Footnote
* This m - هاد haaed
* This f - هاي haay
* This pl - هدول
Compresses to noun - 'hay' or 'hal'
This car - هالسيارة haysayara
101
Relative Clause
## Footnote
Indefinite Noun followed by verb is a relative clause
'that' is understood
Definite Noun followed by a verb needs 'اللي
102
Passive (standard)
## Footnote
it has been completed
تمّ + Verbal Noun
تمّ التصوير
the photography has been completed (was) ...
تمّ تصوير المكان
the area was photographed
103
Passive (Colloquial)
## Footnote
They did...
صوروا المكان
The place was photographed
or Form V and Form VII
