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Standard Arabic > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Future (St)

A

سـ + present

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2
Q

Negating Present

A

لا + present

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3
Q

Negating past

A

لٓم + present

take out the middle vowel. ie.

احتاج - لم احتج إلى

drop ن

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4
Q

Negating future

A

Standard: لن + present Spoken: ما رح + present

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5
Q

Negating in spoken

A

ما + present or past

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6
Q

Hollow Verb

A

Vowel in middle Dropped in 1st and 2nd person, 3rd Person stays the same (in past tense)

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7
Q

Defective Verb

A

Vowel at the end ى becomes ي

(1st and 2nd person only)

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8
Q

Weak verb

A

ا - و

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9
Q

Comparative

A

أٓ+root + من

مِن أٓقدم

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10
Q

Superlative

A

Comparative + object

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11
Q

2 verbs

A

Conjugate both verbs 1st verb أن - second verb present

(2nd becomes subjunctive, drop ن)

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12
Q

Non-human Plural

The modern Chairs

الكراسي ـــــــــــــــ

A

Takes singular feminine adjective.

الكراسي الحديثة

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13
Q

Idafa

A

Last noun is definite (الـ)

Drop ن in first word

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14
Q

Because

A
  1. بسبب because of + noun
  2. لِأن if followed by noun . Conjugate if followed by verb
  3. لِـ in order to
  4. عشان spoken, but don’t need to conjugate
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15
Q

Nisba

A

To make a noun into an adjective.

Profession - professional etc.

Remove ة, ي and الـ Add ـي

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16
Q

Pronouns - singular

A

I - أنا

You m - أنتٓ

You f - أنتِ

He - هو

She - هي

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17
Q

Pronouns - plural

A

We - نٓحنُ

You pl m - أنتم

You pl f - أنتُن

They m - هُم

They f - هُن

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17
Q

Pronouns - dual

A

We - نَحْنُ

You dual m - أنتُما

You dual f - أنتُما

They dual m - هُما

They dual f - هُما

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18
Q

Adjectives - Permanent

A

Root + ي (or و) in 2nd to last letter i.e. جميل كبير قديم

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19
Q

Adjectives - Temporary

A

‘Feeling’ or short term state (cold, hungry, thirsty etc.) Root + ا ن i.e. تعبان - tired جوعان - hungry عٓطشان - thirsty نمسان - sleepy حجلان - shy بردان - feeling cold حرّان - feeling hot

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20
Q

Adverbs

A

1) adding بشكل ‘In a way’ I.e. بشكل سريع - in a quick way
2) adding ـاً ‘…ly’ I.e. سريعاً - quickly
3) adding بِـ ‘With the action’ I.e. بسرعة - with speed

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21
Q

Verbal sentences

A

1st verb is in singular even if plural

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22
Q

‘That’

I know that

A

أٓنَّ

Anna Conjugate

أعرِف أٓنَّ

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23
Q

Verily / indeed

A

إِنَّ Inna

Conjugate

Standard only

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24
Q

To make the infinitive

I want ‘to visit’

A

أٓنْ أريد أَنْ أزور

Not used in spoken

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25
Q

About

A

عن

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26
Q

To want - 2 ways

A

1) verb أرادٓ / يُرِيد Hollow verb, conjugated as a verb Standard only
2) بدّ + pronoun Conjugate with possessive pronouns Spoken only Most common

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27
Q

To want Spoken

بدّي

A

بدّي

بدٓك

بدِك

بده

بدها

بدنا

بدهم

بدهن

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28
Q

To have

A

عِند + possessive pronouns

عِندي

عِندٓك

عِندِك

عِندنا

عنده

عندها

عندهم

عندهن

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29
Q

A beautiful river

(Adjective Matching)

A

نهر جميل

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30
Q

A beautiful girl

(Adjective Matching)

A

بنت جميلة

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31
Q

A new teacher

(Adjective Matching)

A

مدرّس جديد

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32
Q

A new car

(Adjective matching)

A

سيّارة جديدة

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33
Q

Describing Word

‘The Objecect is something’

The river is beautiful

A

النهر جميل

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34
Q

Describing Word

‘The Objecect is something’

The car is new

A

السيّارة جديدة

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35
Q

Describing Definite Nouns

The something, The adjective

‘The new teacher’

المدرّس ــــــــــــــــ

A

المدرّس الجديد

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36
Q

Positional

The newspaper is on the chair

الجريدة ــــــــ الكُرسي

A

الجريدة على الكُرسي

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37
Q

Positional

There is a dog under the table

هناك كلب ـــــــ المائدة

A

هناك كلب تَحتَ المائدة

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38
Q

Positional

The school is on the left

المَدرسة ـــــــ ـــــــــ

A

المَدرسة على اليسار

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39
Q

Positional

We went to the right

ذَهبنا ـــــــــــ ــــــــــــ

A

ذَهَبنا إلى اليمين

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40
Q

Positional

The window is between the cupboard and the chair.

الشبّاك ـــــــــــ الخزانة والكرسي

A

الشبّاك بين الخزانة والكرسي

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41
Q

Positional

There are cars infront of the house

هناك سيّارات ــــــــــ البيت

A

هناك سيّارات أمام البيت

42
Q

Positional

The bed is beside the door

السرير ـــــــــــــ الباب

A

السرير بجانب الباب

43
Q

Comparatives

The palace is older than the mosque

القصر ـــــــ ــــــــ المسجد

A

القصر أقدم من المسجد

44
Q

Comparatives

This car is faster than that car

هذه السيّرة ـــــــ ــــــــ تاك السيّرة

A

هذه السيّرا أسرع من تلك السيّرة

45
Q

Superlative

The fastest car

ــــــــــ سيّارة

A

أسرع سيّارة

46
Q

Superlative

The most beautiful river

ـــــــــــ نهر

A

أجمل نهر

47
Q

As for (أمّا ….ف)

As for the street, it is quiet

ـــــــ الشارع _ هادئ

A

أمّا الشارع فهو هادئ

48
Q

Therefore or For That Reason

لذاك

For that reason it is suitable for active people only

ـــــ ـــــــ مناسبة للنشيطين فَقَط

A

لذلك فهي مناسبة للنشيطين فَقَط

49
Q

Pronouns

My Book

A

كِتَابِي

50
Q

Pronouns

Our Book

A

كِتَاُبنا

51
Q

Pronouns

Your Book (sing m)

A

كِتَابَك

52
Q

Pronouns

Your Book (Dual)

A

كِتَابَكُمَا

53
Q

Pronouns

Your Book (Pl m)

A

كِتَابَكُمْ

54
Q

Pronouns

Your Book (sing f)

A

كِتَابكِ

55
Q

Pronouns

Your Book (Pl f)

A

كِتَابكُنَّ

56
Q

Pronouns

His Book

A

كِتَابهُ

57
Q

Pronouns

Her Book

A

كِتَابها

58
Q

Pronouns

Their Book (dual)

A

كِتَابهُمَا

59
Q

Pronouns

Their Book (pl m)

A

كِتَابهُمْ

60
Q

Pronouns

Their Book (pl f)

A

كِتَابهُنَّ

61
Q

They (m) open

ـــــــــــــــــ يَفتَحون

A

هُم يفتحون

62
Q

You (pl) open

ـــــــــ تَفتَحون

A

أنتُم تفتحون

63
Q

Jussive

Nagating Past = لم + present - ن

64
Q

Nominitive Case = Subject + ُ

65
Q

Accusative = Object + َ

66
Q

Genetive = After Preposition + ِ

67
Q

In Order To

A

حتى

+ present

  • ن
68
Q

Before a verb

After a Verb

+ ما

Before I go

After I eat

A

قبل ما أذهب

بعد ما أكل

69
Q

I Must…

(It is necessary that I)

I must go

I must try

A

من الازم أن أذهب

من الازم أن أحاول

70
Q

I Had to

(I must in past tense)

I had to say

A

كان من الأزم أن أقول

71
Q

I have (recently done something)

I have spoken to him

A

للتو تكلمته

للتو + past

72
Q

Either …. or

Did you eat or drink?

تكل ــــــــــ تشرب؟

A

إما …. أم

كلت أم شربت؟

73
Q

I had (I did have)

I had to (It was necessary for me)

A

كان عندي

كان من لازم عن

74
Q

Question marker

A

هل

written MSA only

75
Q

ون……. If they are not doing anything (nominative)

ين…….. Anthing else

Doing something, verbs, possessies etc

I met the teachers

A

قبالت المدرِّسين

76
Q

Who / Which

(referring to someone or somebody)

Definite only

Who M - الّذِي

Who F - الَّتِي

Who pl M - النِين

Who pl F - اللواتي

Followed by returner (ie ه ها)

The Man who I saw

A

الرجل الّذِي رأيته

77
Q

Adjectives

Match

1) Gender - البنت الصغيرة
2) Number - الأولاد الصغار
3) Definition -
4) Case

The British Embassy

The Embassy of Britain

A

السفارة البريطانية

سفارة بريطانيا

78
Q

Some / Most / etc

Amount + ال + plural

Some - بعض + ال + ج

All - كل + ال + ج

Most - هعطم + ال + ج

A number - عِدَّة + ال + ج

A number of questions

A

عِدَّة الأسؤلة

79
Q

‘To’ - Spoken

I want to go to the Office

A

عا = إلى = لـ

بدّي اروح عالمكتب

80
Q

Pronunciation of

ق

81
Q

Can (To be able to)

Sp & Short

A

في + ني / ك / نا / ه / ها / كم / هم

82
Q

What

83
Q

Why

84
Q

Future (Sp)

A

رح + present

85
Q

Used to

He used to speak

We were speaking

A

كان + present

كان بيحكي

كنا منحكي

86
Q

Pronounciation in Levantine Dialects

For all present tense verbs (first one)

بـ + normal conjugated verb

except for نحن

مـ + ‘we’ conjugated verb

87
Q

A Case 1

كان / ليس / صار

the ‘information’ (2nd word) has اً

(indefinite & masc only)

كان الولد صغيراً

88
Q

A Case 2

إن / أن / لكن

The ‘beginning’ (subject) has اً

or the beginning goes from ون to ين

or the beginning goes from ان to ين

(indefinite & masc only)

89
Q

A Case 3

When to go into A Case:

  • كان / ليس / صار
  • Accusation / object
  • Adverbs
  • Feelings
  • Numbers 11 - 99 (Noun is in A-case, singular and indefinite)
90
Q

Writing ‘Qs’

  • كان / لبي / صار
  • ون / ين - ان / ين
  • Indefinite nouns (اً)
  • Adjectives - matching
  • Numbers
  • Idafa (drop ن in 1st)
91
Q

“I used to…”

Past Progressive -

Present + كان

لما منت بالصعودية كنت أقرا كل ويم

When I was in Saudi I used to read every day

92
Q

“I had to ….. (when)”

Pluperfect

Past + كان

كانوا خلصوا الحكي لما خليل إجا

They had finished speaking when Khaleel came.

93
Q

“I was going to ….. (when)”

Past Future

Present + كان + رح

كانت رح تحكي مع مديرا بس بطّلت

She was going to speak with her manager but she stopped

94
Q

“I will have ….”

Past + رح + يكون

بعد شهر من هلق رح تكون برطانيا قرّرت إزا رح تضل

After a month from now, Britain will have decided if to remain

95
Q

Ongoing

Present + عم

“I am continuing to write.”

عم أكتب

96
Q

‘General Concepts’

are definite الـ

97
Q

Superlative - Colloquial

شي + Comparative

The most beautiful girl

The best

A

أحلى شي بنت

أحسن شي

98
Q

If - Standard

  • If hypothetical - لو (Low)
  • If neutral - إن (ina)
  • If certaintiy - إذا

All past tense

Were he to go, he would see

If he went he would see

If he goes he will see

A

لو ذهب لَرأى

إن دهب رأى

إذا ذهب رأى

99
Q

If - Colloquial

  • Expected - إذا izza
  • Low probability - لو low

If he goes he will see

If he goes he will probably see

A

إذا يروح رح يشوف

لو راح ممكن رح شوف

100
Q

This - Colloquial

  • This m - هاد haaed
  • This f - هاي haay
  • This pl - هدول

Compresses to noun - ‘hay’ or ‘hal’

This car - هالسيارة haysayara

101
Q

Relative Clause

Indefinite Noun followed by verb is a relative clause

‘that’ is understood

Definite Noun followed by a verb needs ‘اللي

102
Q

Passive (standard)

it has been completed

تمّ + Verbal Noun

تمّ التصوير

the photography has been completed (was) …

تمّ تصوير المكان

the area was photographed

103
Q

Passive (Colloquial)

They did…

صوروا المكان

The place was photographed

or Form V and Form VII

Standard Arabic (64 decks)

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