Grammar

Question 1

Difference in conditionals between when and if?

Answer 1

When is used for certain and if for uncertain conditionals

Question 2

Uses and Syntax of the zero conditional?

Answer 2

• regular and general situations
• if/when simple present / simple present
• if true / always true

Question 3

Uses and Syntax of the first conditional?

Answer 3

• specific situations in the future
• if simple present / will + infinitive
• if true / likely true also modalverbs possible, to express degree of uncertainty more finely

Question 4

Uses and Syntax of the second conditional?

Answer 4

• if condition is deemed unlikely and for hypotheticals
• if + simple past / would or could + infinitive

Question 5

Uses and Syntax of the third conditional

Answer 5

• impossible conditions, because the time has already past - If + past perfect / would + present perfect

Question 6

Was bestimmt die Verwendung der gerund/infinitiv-Konstruktion im erweiterten Infinitiv.

Answer 6

1. Verbabhängig (nur inf. / nur gerund / beides)
2. Verb + präp. + -ing
3. Verb + Subj. + inf.
4. Verb + Subj. + präp. + -ing

Question 7

Uses of the present subjunctive

Answer 7

1. Main clause: optative, used to express a wish (alternative to may)
2. Adverbial clause: suppositional (subject-verb inversion in absence of a subordinator
3. that-clauses: mandative

Question 8

Uses of the past subjunctive

Answer 8

• hypothetical subjunctive
• restricted to “were”
• distinct only in 1. and 3. Person singular (from was)
• used with the 2. conditional in the if-clause