Grammar Flashcards
The supine ending -um has what two uses?
After a verb of motion (esp. ire and venire) to express purpose
With irī to form the future passive infinitive
Which nouns can be used with the ablative supine?
Fās, nefās, opus
All independent uses of the subjunctive
Jussive/hortatory, potential, deliberative, optative
What do Jussive/hortatory subjunctives express and how are they translated?
A command (derived from verbs iubeō and hortor)
Let “subject” “verb”!
What do optative subjunctives express and how do you translate them?
A future wish capable of fulfillment, or a contrafactual wish
Would that “subject” may “verb”!
Contrafactual:
Would that “subject” were “verbing”!
Would that “subject” had verbed”!
What divides the jussive and hortatory subjunctive uses?
Jussive is 3rd person, hortatory is 1st
What does the potential subjunctive express and how is it translated?
Actions which might possibly occur (often occurs with “that verbs”)
“Subject” might “verb” “DO/Indirect statement”
Past potential subjunctive uses what tense?
Imperfect
Contrafactual optative subjunctive uses what tenses?
Imperfect for present time, pluperfect for past time
What does the deliberative subjunctive express and how is it translated?
Deliberate about something, often in a rhetorical question
What am/are/is “subject” to “verb”?
What tenses does the deliberative subjunctive use?
Present and imperfect
What words introduce the optative subjunctive?
Utinam or ut, ne if negative
The supine ending ū has what use and is translated how?
Ablative of specification
“adj.” with respect to “verbing”
or simply
“adj” to “verb”
Latin words/phrases used to intro proviso clauses
Dum modo/Tantum ut
What are heteroclites?
Nouns with different forms in different declensions
