Grammar Flashcards
Compound nouns
A noun consisting of more than one word
Example: social studies, thirty-three, schoolteacher
Collective nouns
Names a group of people or things
Examples: nerds, class
Common noun
Any person of thing
Example: pen, smiles
Proper noun
Particular person, place or thing and begins with capital letter
Example: Marissa, Paris
Personal pronouns
Refer to people and things. Divided into 3 categories:
- First person: referring to person talking
- Second person: referring to person bing spoken to
- Third person: referring to anyone or anything else
Reflexive/intensive pronouns
Formed by adding self or delve to certain personal pronouns
Reflexive: refers to the subject and functions as a compliment or an object or a preposition
Intensive: emphasizes a noun or another pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Use to ask a question
- Which
- Who
- Whom
- Whose
- What
Demonstrative pronoun
Used to point out a specific person or thing
- This
- That
- These
- Those
Indefinite pronoun
Often doesn’t refer to a specific or definite person or thing
Doesn’t have a specific antecedent (like personal pronouns)
Example: Everybody will select another to help with everything
Adjectives
Modifies a noun or pronoun Answer the following questions: How much? How many? What kind? Which?
Proper adjective
Formed from a proper noun
Compound adjective
A word composed of two of more words; sometimes these words a hyphenated
Action verb
Tells what action a subject is performing, had performed, or will perform.
Example: skated
Linking verb
Connects or links a subject to a noun or an adjective in the predicate
Example: is, are, being
Helping verb
Assists the main verb in a sentence. There can be more than one helping verb in a sentence.
Example: are
Adverbs
A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb Answer the following questions: Where? When? How? To what extent? Usually end in -ly
Common preposition
A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence
Examples: the man swam under the bridge
*“but” is a preposition ONLY when is can be replaced by the except
Compound preposition
Has the same function as a common preposition
Composed of two or more words
Coordinating conjunctions
Single connecting word
Examples: for, and, nor, but, or
Correlative conjunctions
Pairs of connecting words The pairs are separated by one of the words the correlative conjunction is connecting Examples: both......and Neither.........nor Wether.........or
Interjection
Word that expresses strong feeling of emotion
Usually comes at the beginning of the sentence
Oxymoron
Expression with contradictory words: a phrase in which two words of contradictory meaning are used together for special effect, e.g. “wise fool” or “legal murder”
Pun
Play on words: a humorous use of words that involves a word of phrase that has more than one possible meaning.
Paradox
Statement that seems contradictory but that actually may be true
Malapropism
Unintentional use of wrong word: the misuse of a word through confusion with another word that sounds similar, especially when the effect is ridiculous
Allusion
References to well-know people, places, or events from myths or literature
Chiasmus
Inverted word order in phrase: a rhetorical construction in which the order of words in the second of two paired phrases is the reverse of the order in the first
Example: gray was the morn, all things were gray
Foreshadow
To be warned of: to indicate or suggest something, usually something unpleasant, that is going to happen
Metaphor
Implicit comparison: describing someone or something with a word or phrase that is not meant literally but by means of a vivid comparison expresses something about him, her, or it, e.g. saying that somebody is a snake
Soliloquy
A lengthy speech in which a character expresses his or her thought to the audience. He or she is usually alone on the stage
Aside
A brief remark by a character revealing thoughts or feelings to the audience. No one else on stage can hear these comments
Monologue
Like a soliloquy but the character is addressing another character not the audience. Literally means “one talking” (similar to dialogue meaning “two talking”)
Characters
The people or animals who take part in a literary work
Round character
Have many personality traits, like a real person
Flat characters
One-dimensional, embodying only a single trait. Shakespeare’s plays often include flat characters who provide comic relief
Dramatic foil
A character who highlights the traits of another character through contrast
Tragic hero
Main character of the story who has a flaw or weakness in his or her character which causes their downfall
Jack
Symbolizes the human love of dominance and power
Piggy
Symbolizes the science and rationality
Ralph
Symbolizes law, government, and civil society
Simon
Symbol of Jesus, he stands for the mystics, prophets, and priests of all religions who confront and reveal the darkest aspects of human nature.
Roger
Symbolizes mankind’s sadistic instincts, the suppressed desire to hurt others.
The Lord of the flies
Symbolizes the evil in all men’s souls
Sam and Eric
Symbolize totally civilized and socialized people
Percival
Symbolizes innocence
Robert
Plays the role of the pig
