Grammar Flashcards
Not have
Méiyǒu
没有
Not, not want to
Bù
不
I will not look
Wǒ bú kàn
我不看
I can’t see
wǒ bùnéng kàn
我不能看
I didn’t see
wǒ méiyǒu kàn
我没有看
I don’t have magazines
wǒ méiyǒu zázhì
我没有杂志
I haven’t read this book
wǒ méiyǒu dúguò zhèběn shū
我没有
Who
Shéi
Shúi
What
Shénme
When
Shénmeshíhòu
Where
Zài nǎr
zài nǎli
why
wèishénme
what for
gànma
how，what
zěnme
how is it
zěnmeyàng
how many/how much
duōshǎo
which ones
nǎ xiē
how many (for small numbers)
Jǐ
几
makes statement into a question
Ma
吗
Makes question less formal
Ne
呢
question particle -asking for agreement
ba
吧
softens the question;polite
A
啊
Depending on context- how, which, where, why
Hé
何
What is this?
Zhe shi shenme？
where are they？
tamen zài nar？
Verb ‘to go’
Qù
去
Makes past tense
Le
了
gave you
gei le ni
i went
Wo qu le
我去了
verb to make/to do
zuò
做
To make food
Zuò fàn
To be a pioneer
Zuo xiānqū
To do homework
Zuò zuòyè
I cant drive (because I have no license)
a) bù kěyǐ
b) bù huì
c) bù néng
A) bu keyi
I can speak Chinese!
a) kěyǐ
b) huì
c) néng
B) huì
I cant eat (because I am sick)
a) bù kěyǐ
b) bù huì
c) bù néng
C) bù néng
I cant drive (because I have two broken arms)
a) bù kěyǐ
b) bù huì
c) bù néng
C) bù néng
Verb for can/able to
Connotation of ‘allowed to’
Kěyǐ
可以
verb ‘to be able to’ with connotation of ‘mentally able to’ or ‘know how’
Huì
会
Verb ‘to be able to’ with connotation of ‘physically able to’
Néng
能
MW used to denote respect
Wèi
位
“All purpose MW”
Gè
个
MW for most mammals, and birds
Zhī
只
MW for bound objects such as books
Běn
本
MW For a pair or couple
Duì
对
MW for long skinny things
Tiáo
条
MW for vehicles
Liàng
辆
MW for jobs, newspapers, tracts, and gifts
Fèn
份
Sentence formula for adverbs
Subject + verb + object + verb + de + adjective
You do your homework very well
Ni zuò zuòyè zuò de hěnhǎo
Verb to know (a person or thing well)
Rènshi
认识
verb to know (a fact)
Zhīdao
知道
I know him.
Wǒ rènshi tā
I know who he is
wǒ zhīdao tā shì shéi。
you know the truth
Nǐ rènshi zhēnlǐ。
Do you know where the kingdom hall is?
nǐ zhīdao wángguó jùhuì suǒ zài nǎr ma?
Sentence formula for position words
Subject + zài + thing/person/place + position word
Zai… Shàng
Shàng- on, above
上
That book is on the desk
Nàběn shū zài zhuō shàng
Zài….xià
Xià- under/down
下
that book is under the table
Nàběn shū zài zhuō xià。
zai… Li
Lǐ- in， inside
里
that book is in the bag
nàběn shū zài bāo lǐ
zai…wai
Wài - outside
外
that book is outside the bag
nàběn shū zài bāo wài
zai… Pang bian
Pángbiān - side
旁边
That book is beside the magazine.
Nàběn shū zài zázhì pángbiān。
zai…qian mian
Qiánmian - in front, ahead
前面
That book is in front of you.
Nàběn shū zài nǐ qiánmian。
zai…houmian
Hoùmian - at the back, behind
後面
That book is behind you
Nàběn shū zài nǐ hoùmian。
