Grammar Flashcards
A verb is a word that conveys what?
an action, state, or process.
A verb conveys what 6 pieces of information?
Tense, voice, mode, person, number, and meaning.
What are the 6 tenses?
Present, imperfect, aorist, future, perfect, and pluperfect.
What are the 3 voices?
Active, middle, and passive.
What are the 4 modes?
Indicative, imperative, subjunctive, and optative.
What are the 3 persons?
First, second, third.
What are the 2 numbers?
Singular and plural.
What is inflection?
When the form of a word changes, such as when it performs different functions in a sentence or when it changes its meaning.
What are the 3 cases of nouns?
Subjective, possessive, and objective.
What is the subjective case?
If a word is the subject of a verb. Ex: He is my brother.
What is the possessive case?
If a word shows possession. Ex: His Greek Bible is always by his bed.
What is the objective case?
If a word is the direct object. The direct object is the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb. This means that whatever the verb does, it does it to the direct object. Ex: Robin passed her test.
What is gender?
Some words, mostly pronouns, inflect depending upon whether they are referring to a masculine, feminine, or neuter object. Ex: He gave it to her.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
What is declension?
In English, there are different ways to form the plural, such as adding an “s” or changing a vowel. You can think of these two ways as different “patterns,” or what Greek calls “declensions.”
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that indicates the relationship between two words. Ex: The book is under the table. The preposition “under” describes the relationship between “book” and “table.”
What is agreement?
A verb must “agree” with its subject in person and number. This means that if a subject is singular, the verb must be singular. If the subject is third person, the verb must be third person.
What is person?
There are three persons: first, second, and third. First person is the person speaking (“I,” “we”). Second person is the person being spoken to (“you”). Third person is everything else (“he,” “she,” “it,” “they,” “book”).
What is number?
If the subject of a verb is third person singular, English generally inflects the verb by adding a “s.”
What is tense?
“Tense” in English refers to the time when the action of the verb takes place. If you study your Greek right now, the verb is in the present tense (“study”). If you are planning on doing it tomorrow, the verb is in the future tense (“will study”). If you did it last night, the verb is in the past tense (“studied”). In other words, in English the terms “tense” and “time” refer to the same thing.
What is voice?
The “voice” of a verb refers to the relationship between a verb and its subject.
What is aspect?
This refers to the “type” of action described by the verb. Some verbs describe an ongoing process (“continuous”).
What is mood?
Mood refers to the relationship between the verb and reality. A verb in the indicative describes something that is, as opposed to something that may or might be, or something that is commanded.
What is a clause?
A “clause” is a group of related words that includes a subject and verb.
