Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

~そうにもない・~そうにない・~そうもない

A

something with probably occur

Structure: Verb (ます stem) [Remove ます] + そうもない・そうにない

Example sentences:
そんなことは起 (おこ) りそうもないですね。
Meaning: That does not seem likely to occur.

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2
Q

~ながら

A

doing something in parallel with something else

Structure: Verb ます (stem form) [Remove ます] + ながら + [B]
= [A]ながら[B] (to do B while doing A)

Example sentences:
歩きながら話しましょう。
meaning: Let’s talk while walking.

音楽を聞きながら料理します。
meaning: I listen to music while I cook.

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3
Q

~なさい

A

giving orders (from teacher to student or parent to child)

Structure: Verb ます (stem form) [Remove ます] + なさい (formal) ・な (conversation)

Example sentences:
まず、質問に答えなさい
meaning: First, answer my question.

次の質問を見て、ここに答えなさい!
meaning: Look at the next problem and put your answer here.

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4
Q

~にくい

A

difficulty of doing something

Structure: Verb ます (stem form) [Remove ます] + にくい

Example sentences:
この質問には答えにくいです。
Meaning: This question is difficult to answer.

この漢字は覚えにくいです。
Meaning: This kanji is difficult to remember.

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5
Q

~やすい

A

easiness of doing something

Structure: Verb ます (stem form) [Remove ます] + やすい

Example sentences:
彼は説得 (せっとく) しやすい
Meaning: He is easy to persuade.

ひらがなは漢字より書きやすいです。
Meaning: Hiragana is easier to write than kanji.

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6
Q

~てくる・~ていく

A

~てくる: moving towards the speaker

Structure:
Verb (て form) + くる・きた・きます ・きました

Example sentences:
戻ってきたよ!
Meaning: I’m back!

私は彼を連 (つ) れてくる。
Meaning: I will bring him / pick him up.

~ていく: moving away from the speaker

Structure:
Verb (て form) + いく ・いきます ・いった ・いきました

Example sentences:
今年はあっという間 (ま) に過 (すぎ)ぎていく。
Meaning: This year is going by really fast.

何も言わずに部屋(へや)を出ていきました。
I left the room without saying anything.

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7
Q

~ておく

A

doing something in preparation for, or anticipation of something else

Structure: Verb (て form) + おく ・おきます ・おいて

Example sentences:
出かける前に何か食べておこう。
Meaning: Let’s eat something before we head out.

会議 (かいぎ) のために、資料 (しりょう) をコピーしておきました。
Meaning: I made some copies of the documents in preparation for the meeting.

友だちが遊(あそ)びに来るので、部屋 (へや) をきれいにしておきます。
Meaning: I will clean my room since my friend is coming over.

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8
Q

~てしまう

A

expresses regret or failure

Structure:
Verb (て form) + しまう ・しまいます・しまった

てしまう = to do by accident / to finish
てしまった = did by accident / finished
てしまいました = did by accident / finished (more formal)

Example sentences:
仕事は全部 (ぜんぶ) 終わってしまいました。
Meaning: I’ve finished with all of my work.

ごめん!ジュースを全部 (ぜんぶ) 飲んじゃった!
Meaning: Sorry, I drank all the juice!

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9
Q

~てばかりいる

A

turning one’s attention exclusively to something else instead of doing what one is supposed to do.

Structure:
Verb (て form) + ばかりいる

Example sentences:
そんなに働いてばかりいては体(からだ)を壊 (こわ)しますよ。
Meaning: You’re going to destroy your body if you keep working all the time like that.

この猫は寝 (ね)てばかりいます。
Meaning: This cat does nothing but sleep.

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10
Q

~てほしい・~てもらいたい

A

desire or wish for someone else to perform a given action.

~てほしい Structure:
Verb (て form)・Verb (ないで form) + ほしい

Example sentences:
日本語を教えてほしいです。
Meaning: I want you to teach me Japanese.

私に何をしてほしいのですか?
Meaning: What do you want me to do?

~てもらいたい Structure:
Verb (て form) + もらう ・もらいま ・もらいたい ・もらわない ・もらいません

Example sentences:
あなたにぜひ見てもらいたいものがある。
Meaning: There’s something I want you to look at.

あなたに日本語を教えてもらいたい。
Meaning: I want you to teach me Japanese.

昨日車を修理 (しゅうり) してもらいました。
Meaning: I had my car repaired yesterday.

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11
Q

~ても

A

expresses hypothesis (often used in conjunction with たとえ・もし・万一 (まんいち)

even; even if; even though ~

Structure:
Verb (て form)・ Noun + で ・な-adjective + で ・い-adjective + い [Remove い] くて + も

Example sentences:
子どもでもできることよ。
Meaning: Even children can do this.

たとえ~ても (tatoe~temo)
たとえ + Verb (て form) + も ・Noun + でも ・な-adjective + でも・い-adjective + い[Remove い]くても

Example sentences:
たとえ君 (きみ) が何を言っても私の気持ち (きもち) は変 (か) わらない。
Meaning: No matter what you say, my feelings won’t change.

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12
Q

~てよかった

A

expresses relief to something that has a favourable result.
I’m glad that ~

Structure:
Verb (て form) + よかった

Example sentences:
これを買ってよかった。
Meaning: I’m glad I bought this.

君 (きみ) が無事 (ぶじ) に帰(かえ)ってよかった。
Meaning: I’m glad you returned home safely.

君と連絡 (れんらく) できてよかった。
Meaning: I’m glad I was able to get in contact with you.

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