Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

comparing things (nouns)

A

más / menos + NOUN + que

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2
Q

comparing action (verbs)

A

VERN + más / menos + que

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3
Q

comparing characteristics (adjectives)

A

más / menos + ADJECTIVE + que

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4
Q

What is the special form of más bueno/a

A

mejor (better)

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5
Q

what is the special form of más malo/a

A

peor (worse)

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6
Q

the absolute superlative

A

ADJECTIVE + -ísimo / a / os / as

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7
Q

comparisons of equality with nouns

A

tanto / tanta / tantos / tantas + NOUN + como

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8
Q

comparisons of equality with verbs

A

VERB + tanto + como

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9
Q

comparisons of equality with adjectives

A

tan + ADJECTIVE + como

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10
Q

Estar (to locate things/people); Está is singular and están is plural.

A

-lejos de (far from)
-cerca de (near)
-a la izquierda de (left of)
-a la derecha de (right of)
-al lado de (next to)
-al nore/sur/este/oeste de
-detras de (behind)
-delante de (in front of)
-enfrente de (facing/opposite)
-dentro de (inside)

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11
Q

Preterite: AR ending

A

-yo: é
-tú: aste
-él, ella, usted: ó
-nosotros: amos
-ellos, ellas, ustedes: aron

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12
Q

Preterite: ER/IR ending

A

-yo: í
-tú: iste
-él, ella, usted: ió
-nosotros: imos
-ellos, ellas, ustedes: ieron

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13
Q

Poder (preterit stem)

A

pud-

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14
Q

Poner (preterit stem)

A

pus-

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15
Q

querer (preterit stem)

A

quis-

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16
Q

tener (preterit stem)

A

tuv-

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17
Q

venir (preterit stem)

A

vin-

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18
Q

estar (preterit stem)

A

estuv-

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19
Q

saber (preterit stem)

A

sup-

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20
Q

traer (preterit stem)

A

traj-

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21
Q

decir (preterit stem)

22
Q

hacer (preterit stem)

23
Q

-cir ending verbs sometimes take?

A

-eron instead of -ieron for 3rd person plural

24
Q

Ser/Ir (preterit cojugation)

A

-yo: fui
-tu: fuiste
-el/ella/usted: fue
-nosotros: fuimos
-ellos/ustedes: fueron

25
Q

Dar (preterit cojugatio)

A

-yo: di
-tu: diste
-el/ella/usted: dio
-nosotros: dimos
-ellos/ustedes: dieron

26
Q

The preterit tense presents information as an event; these are markers:

A

ayer, anoche, el lunes/martes, la semana pasada, el ano pasado, anteayer, el otro dia, el dia #, el mes pasado, hace (2,3,5) anos

27
Q

how are dates expressed in spanish

A

day, month, and year

28
Q

How do we indicate sequence of events?

A

1) antes (before), despues (after), and luego (after) + conjugated preterit
2) antes de + infinitive, conjugated preterit/ despues de + infinitive, conjugated preterit

29
Q

What connector refers to what happened next

30
Q

algún evento,
alguna historia,
algunos libros,
algunas fechas

A

(some), agree with the noun they refer to in gender and number

31
Q

ningún evento,
ninguna historia, *ningunos libros,
*ningunas fechas

A

(none), agree with noun they refer to in gender and number

32
Q

what articles are used as nouns to talk about people without specifying which type of person being discussed

A

alguien, nadie

33
Q

what articles are used as nouns to talk about things without specifying which type of thing being discussed

A

algo, nada

34
Q

Imperfect: AR ending

A

-yo: aba
-tú: abas
-él, ella, usted: aba
-nosotros: ábamos
-ellos, ustedes: aban

35
Q

Imperfect: ER/IR ending

A

-yo: ía
–tú: ías
-él, ella, usted: ía
-nosotros: íamos
-ellos, ustedes: ían

36
Q

What are the 3 irregular verbs

A

ser, ir, and ver

37
Q

Ser imperfect conjugation

A

-yo: era
–tú: eras
-él, ella, usted: era
-nosotros: éramos
-ellos, ustedes: eran

38
Q

Ir imperfect conjugation

A

-yo: iba
-tú: ibas
-él, ella, usted: iba
-nosotros: íbamos
-ellos, ustedes: iban

39
Q

Ver imperfect conjugation

A

-yo: veía
–tú: veías
-él, ella, usted: veía
-nosotros: veíamos
-ellos, ustedes: veían

40
Q

Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: description of qualities of people/things

A

Era muy guapo/ Tenía 25 anos

41
Q

Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: details about context in which the story takes place (time, date, place, weather, existence of things)

A

Eran las nueve/ Hacia mucho frio y llovia/ Estabamos cerca de Managua

42
Q

Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: talk about habitual/repeated actions in the past

A

Cuando era nina, ibamos a la escuela a pie porque no habia autobuses/ en la universidad salia mucho de noche

43
Q

Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: to contrast the way things are now and the way they used to be

A

Ahora hablo espanol, Antes solo hablaba ingles/ Antes tenia muchos amigos, ahora solo tengo dos o tres

44
Q

The preterit tense presents information as completed in the past

A

Ayer fuimos al cine

45
Q

The imperfect tense sets the background to an action that is expressed in the present tense, ongoing action

A

Ayer cuando ibamos al cine vimos un accidente de trafico

46
Q

Cause and Consequence use asi que and por eso

A

usually consequence is preterit, cause is imperfect (Le dolia la cabeza, por eso se fue a casa)

47
Q

Cause and consequence: porque (because)

A

preterit - imperfect

48
Q

cause and consequence: asi que (so)

A

imperfect - preterit

49
Q

cause and consequence: por eso (that is why)

A

imperfect - preterit

50
Q

estaba + gerund

A

refering to an action in progress in the past that serves as the frame of reference (Estaba trabajando cuando escuche la noticia en la radio)

51
Q

estuve + gerund

A

refer to duration of an action that occurs within a specified period of time, action final but emphasis on duration (estuve trabajando toda la tarde)