grammar Flashcards
what is a personal and when do you use it?
a personal is used between an action and a direct object when the direct object is a person or an animal
the object must be specific and living
what are the case uses for imperfect?
- habitual or ongoing past actions
- past mental and physical state
- time in the past
- past age
- describing past settings/background info
- past interrupted actions
how do you conjugate ar imperfect
aba
abas
aba
ábamos
aban
how do you conjugate er/ir imperfect?
ía
ías
ía
íamos
ían
how do you conjugate ver in imperfect
veía
veías
veía
veíamos
veían
how do you conjugate ir in imperfect
iba
ibas
iba
íbamos
iban
how to you conjugate ser in imperfect
era
eras
era
éramos
eran
when do you use antes de or antes que?
use antes de when followed by a person or an unconjugated verb
use antes que when followed by a person doing an action or a conjugated verb
what is informal and simple future?
informal future tense in formed by ir + a + an infinitive
simple future is a different conjugation
how do you conjugate verbs in the simple future tense?
add endings to the infinitive not just the stem
é
ás
á
emos
án
when do you use the simple future tense?
what a person will do
things that may be or probably are true
make predictions about the future
solemn commands like shall in english (not common tho)
what is the general difference between por and para
por is for more indirect stuff, the method
para is for more direct stuff, the goal
what are the seven por use casaes
- the idea of passing through
- general location
- how long something lasts
- the cause of something
- an exchange, including payments
- doing something in place of or instead of someone else
- a means of completing an action when the goal comes before the method
what are the seven para use cases
- for who something is done, more intangible things
- destination
- recipient of items, more physical things
- the purpose of an action when the action comes before the purpose
- an opinion
- a comparison or contrast
- a deadline
what are some simple future irregulars
tener -> tendr
poner -> pondr
salir -> saldr
venir -> vendr
poder -> podr
caber -> cabr
haber -> habr
saber -> sabr
querer -> querr
decir -> dir
hacer -> har
satisfacer -> satisfar
when can you never use simple future tense
after cuando or si
what tenses can you use after por/para
infinitive
what are the signs of a present subjunctive phrase
two subjects, weirdo verb, subordinating conjunction (usually que)
what does weirdos stand for
wishes and desires
emotions (estar que or any other emotional phrase)
impersonal expressions (es adj que)
recommendations or requests
doubt or denial
ojalá (let us hope)
speculation (conditional phrases)
what are the six true present subjunctive irregulars
der - dé, des, dé, demos, den
estar - esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén
ser - sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
haber - haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan
ir - vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
saber - sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
how do ar/er stem changers work in present subjunctive
follow the boot form
how do ir stem changers work in present subjunctive
e-ie : ie, ie, ie, i, ie
e-i : i, i, i, i, i
o-ue : ue, ue, ue, u, ue
what verbs have spelling changes in present subjunctive
car: c -> qu
gar: g -> gu
zar: z -> c
