Grammar

Question 1

In discussing Mary Shelley’s 1818 epistolary novel
Frankenstein
, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the reader’s attentionto the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist of Shelley’s ______
as the recipient ofthe letters that frame the book’s narrative, she’s the “occasion” of it.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
novel
B.
novel,
C.
novel; rather,
D.
novel, rather,

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the 1970s, Janaki Ammal, a prominent botanist, emerged as a powerful voice in India’s environmental conservationmovement. Her exhaustive chromosomal survey of plants in Silent Valley, a pristine tropical forest in Kerala, India, that ishome to nearly 1,000 species of native fl ora (many of which are endangered), ______
instrumental in the government’sdecision to preserve the forest.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
are
B.
were
C.
have been
D.
was

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During the American Civil War, Thomas Morris Chester braved the front lines as a war correspondent for the
PhiladelphiaPress
. Amplifying the voices and experiences of Black soldiers ______
of particular importance to Chester, who later becamean activist and lawyer during the postwar Reconstruction period.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
were
B.
have been
C.
are
D.
was

Answer 3

D

Question 4

After immigrating from Mexico and obtaining U.S. citizenship, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo entered politics, earning areputation for being a fervent defender of Hispanic civil rights. In 1919 Larrazolo was elected governor of ______
in 1928 hebecame the nation’s fi rst Hispanic U.S. Senator.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
New Mexico and
B.
New Mexico,
C.
New Mexico, and
D.
New Mexico

Answer 4

C

Question 5

The 1977 play
And the Soul Shall Dance
depicts two Japanese American farming families in Depression-era SouthernCalifornia. Critics have noted the way pioneering ______
compares the experiences of
issei
(Japanese nationals whoemigrated to America) and
nisei
(their American-born children).
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
playwright, Wakako Yamauchi,
B.
playwright, Wakako Yamauchi
C.
playwright Wakako Yamauchi,
D.
playwright Wakako Yamauchi

Answer 5

D

Question 6

Despite being cheap, versatile, and easy to produce, ______
they are made from nonrenewable petroleum, and most do notbiodegrade in landfi lls.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
there are two problems associated with commercial plastics:
B.
two problems are associated with commercial plastics:
C.
commercial plastics’ two associated problems are that
D.
commercial plastics have two associated problems:

Answer 6

D

Question 7

Researcher Lin Zhi developed a process for increasing the tensile strength—measured in gigapascals, or GPa—of silkworm
______
dissolving and reweaving the silk in a solution of iron metal ions, zinc, and sugar, Zhi increased the amount of forcerequired to stretch it from approximately 0.5 GPa to 2 GPa.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
silk, by
B.
silk by
C.
silk and by
D.
silk. By

Answer 7

D

Question 8

In 1943, in the midst of World War II, mathematics professor Grace Hopper was recruited by the US military to help the wareffort by solving complex equations. Hopper’s subsequent career would involve more than just ______
as a pioneeringcomputer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
equations, though:
B.
equations, though,
C.
equations. Though,
D.
equations though

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Rabinal Ach
í
is a precolonial Maya dance drama performed annually in Rabinal, a town in the Guatemalan highlands. Basedon events that occurred when Rabinal was a city-state ruled by a king, ______
had once been an ally of the king but was latercaptured while leading an invading force against him.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Rabinal Achí
tells the story of K’iche’ Achí, a military leader who
B.
K’iche’ Achí, the military leader in the story of
Rabinal Achí
,
C.
the military leader whose story is told in
Rabinal Achí
, K’iche’ Achí,
D.
there was a military leader, K’iche’ Achí, who in
Rabinal Achí

Answer 9

A

Question 10

In 2015, a team led by materials scientists Anirudha Sumant and Diana Berman succeeded in reducing the coeffi cient offriction (COF) between two surfaces to the lowest possible level—superlubricity. A nearly frictionless (and, as its namesuggests, extremely slippery) state, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
when their COF drops below 0.01, two surfaces reach superlubricity.
B.
two surfaces, when their COF drops below 0.01, reach superlubricity.
C.
reaching superlubricity occurs when two surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.
D.
superlubricity is reached when two surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.

Answer 10

D

Question 11

A recent study tracked the number of bee species present in twenty-seven New York apple orchards over a ten-year period.
______
found that when wild growth near an orchard was cleared, the number of different bee species visiting the orcharddecreased.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Entomologist Heather Grab:
B.
Entomologist, Heather Grab,
C.
Entomologist Heather Grab
D.
Entomologist Heather Grab,

Answer 11

C

Question 12

Using satellite remote sensing, Dr. Catherine Nakalembe, director of NASA’s Harvest Africa initiative, gathers important dataon crop health. Nakalembe doesn’t just compile the ______
she also shares her fi ndings with African farmers, enabling themto make data-driven decisions about managing critical food crops.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
information, though;
B.
information, though,
C.
information; though
D.
information though,
ID:
ae88a59f
Answer

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta’s celebrated literary oeuvre includes
The Joys of Motherhood
, a novel about the changingroles of women in 1950s ______
a television play about the private struggles of a newlywed couple in Nigeria; and
HeadAbove Water
, her autobiography.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Lagos,
A Kind of Marriage
,
B.
Lagos;
A Kind of Marriage
,
C.
Lagos,
A Kind of Marriage
:
D.
Lagos;
A Kind of Marriage
ID:
3233279a

Answer 13

B

Question 14

On sunny days, dark rooftops absorb solar energy and convert it to unwanted heat, raising the surrounding air ______
a light-colored covering to an existing dark roof, either by attaching prefabricated refl ective sheets or spraying on a paint-likecoating, helps combat this effect.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
temperature; by adding
B.
temperature, adding
C.
temperature. Adding
D.
temperature by adding

Answer 14

C

Question 15

A model created by biologist Luis Valente predicts that the rate of speciation—the rate at which new species form—on anisolated island located approximately 5,000 kilometers from the nearest mainland ______
triple the rate of speciation on anisland only 500 kilometers from the mainland.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
being
B.
to be
C.
to have been
D.
will be

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review board tasked with adding new sites to the Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places,which includes Pi‘ilanihale Heiau and the ‘Ōpaeka‘a Road Bridge. Okinaka doesn’t make such decisions ______
all historicaldesignations must be approved by a group of nine other experts from the fi elds of architecture, archaeology, history, andHawaiian culture.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
single-handedly, however;
B.
single-handedly; however,
C.
single-handedly, however,
D.
single-handedly however

Answer 16

A

Question 17

The Tantaquidgeon Museum in Uncasville, Connecticut, was founded in 1931 with the goal of showcasing the culture andhistory of the Mohegan ______
today, nearly a century later, it is the oldest Native-owned and -operated museum in thecountry.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Tribe, and
B.
Tribe
C.
Tribe and
D.
Tribe,

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Bengali author Toru Dutt’s
A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields
(1876), a volume of English translations of French poems, ______
scholars’ understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
has enhanced
B.
are enhancing
C.
have enhanced
D.
enhance

Answer 18

A

Question 19

When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around minuscule defects in thematerial, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of Tampere University in Finland used the chemical
______
to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
compound, aluminum oxide
B.
compound aluminum oxide,
C.
compound, aluminum oxide,
D.
compound aluminum oxide

Answer 19

D

Question 20

In the canon of North African literature, Moroccan author Driss Chraïbi’s 1954 novel
The Simple Past
(
Le Passé simple
)looms large. A coming-of-age story, a social meditation, and a sober gaze into the dark maw of French colonialism, ______
interrogates systemic power with memorable intensity.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Morocco gained its independence two years before the publication of Chraïbi’s debut novel, which
B.
Chraïbi’s debut novel, published two years before Morocco gained its independence,
C.
Chraïbi wrote a debut novel that, published two years before Morocco gained its independence,
D.
published two years before Morocco gained its independence, Chraïbi wrote a debut novel that

Answer 20

B

Question 21

The haiku-like poems of Tomas Tranströmer, which present nature- and dream-infl uenced images in crisp, spare language,have earned the Swedish poet praise from leading contemporary ______
them Nigerian American essayist and novelist TejuCole, who has written that Tranströmer’s works “contain a luminous simplicity.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
writers. Among
B.
writers among
C.
writers; among
D.
writers, among

Answer 21

D

Question 22

American writer Edwidge Danticat, who emigrated from Haiti in 1981, has won acclaim for her powerful short stories,novels, and ______
her lyrical yet unfl inching depictions of her native country’s turbulent history, writer Robert Antoni hascompared Danticat to Nobel Prize–winning novelist Toni Morrison.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
essays, praising
B.
essays and praising
C.
essays praising
D.
essays. Praising

Answer 22

D

Question 23

The artistic talents of Barbara Chase-Riboud, most known for her 1979 historical novel
Sally Hemings
and the conversationit inspired, ______
limited to the realm of prose: she fi rst excelled in sculpture, where her affi nity for bronze—a material shedescribed as “timeless” due to its use across eras and cultures—became part of her artistic identity.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
hasn’t been
B.
wasn’t
C.
isn’t
D.
aren’t

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Known as Earth’s “living skin,” biocrusts are thin layers of soil held together by surface-dwelling microorganisms such asfungi, lichens, and cyanobacteria. Fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
a recent study’s estimate is that these crusts reduce global dust emissions by 60 percent each year.
B.
an estimated 60 percent reduction in global dust emissions each year is due to these crusts, according to a recent study.
C.
these crusts reduce global dust emissions by an estimated 60 percent each year, according to a recent study.
D.
a recent study has estimated that these crusts reduce global dust emissions by 60 percent each year.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

The fi eld of geological oceanography owes much to American ______
Marie Tharp, a pioneering oceanographic cartographerwhose detailed topographical maps of the ocean fl oor and its multiple rift valleys helped garner acceptance for the theoriesof plate tectonics and continental drift.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
geologist,
B.
geologist
C.
geologist;
D.
geologist:

Answer 25

B

Question 26

The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway and the Jardim Botânico of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are two of many botanicalgardens around the world dedicated to growing diverse plant ______
fostering scientifi c research; and educating the publicabout plant conservation.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
species, both native and nonnative,
B.
species, both native and nonnative;
C.
species; both native and nonnative,
D.
species both native and nonnative,

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Working from an earlier discovery of Charpentier’s, chemists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna—winners of the2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry—re-created and then reprogrammed the so-called “genetic scissors” of a species of DNA-cleaving bacteria ______
a tool that is revolutionizing the fi eld of gene technology.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
to forge
B.
forging
C.
forged
D.
and forging

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the “godfather of rap,” a title that has appeared in hundreds of articles about himsince the 1990s. Scott-Heron himself resisted the godfather ______
feeling that it didn’t encapsulate his devotion to thebroader African American blues music tradition as well as “bluesologist,” the moniker he preferred.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
nickname, however
B.
nickname, however;
C.
nickname, however,
D.
nickname; however,

Answer 28

C

Question 29

In 1453, English King Henry VI became unfi t to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, ThirdDuke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later, ______
forcing an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitating a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Henry resumed his reign,
B.
the reign of Henry resumed,
C.
Henry’s reign resumed,
D.
it was Henry who resumed his reign,

Answer 29

A

Question 30

Quantum particles of light—photons—provide an unhackable means of transmitting encryption keys over networks, asattempts to observe particles in quantum states will invariably alter the particles ______
dismantle any information theytransmit.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
and in the process,
B.
and, in the process,
C.
and in the process—
D.
and, in the process

Answer 30

B

Question 31

In addition to advocating for South America’s independence in two political treatises, the
Cartagena Manifesto
and the
Letter from Jamaica,
Simón Bolívar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating three South American territories—New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and Quito (present-day ______
from colonial rule.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Ecuador,)
B.
Ecuador)
C.
Ecuador),
D.
Ecuador)—

Answer 31

D

Question 32

In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek ______
were featured in
City Dreams
, a soloexhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Kingelez;
B.
Kingelez,
C.
Kingelez
D.
Kingelez:

Answer 32

C

Question 33

A second-generation Japanese American, Wataru Misaka ______
in World War II (1941-45) and won two amateur nationalbasketball championships at the University of Utah when he joined the New York Knicks for the 1947-48 season, becomingthe fi rst non-white basketball player in the US’s top professional league.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
already served
B.
was already serving
C.
already serves
D.
had already served

Answer 33

D

Question 34

From afar, African American fi ber artist Bisa Butler’s portraits look like paintings, their depictions of human faces, bodies,and clothing so intricate that it seems only a fi ne brush could have rendered them. When viewed up close, however, theportraits reveal themselves to be ______
stitching barely visible among the thousands of pieces of printed, microcut fabric.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
quilts, and the
B.
quilts, the
C.
quilts; the
D.
quilts. The

Answer 34

B

Question 35

On July 23, 1854, a clipper ship called the
Flying Cloud
entered San Francisco ______
left New York Harbor under theguidance of Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy and his wife, navigator Eleanor Creesy, a mere 89 days and 8 hours earlier, thecelebrated ship set a record that would stand for 135 years.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Bay and having
B.
Bay. Having
C.
Bay, having
D.
Bay having

Answer 35

B

Question 36

A group of ecologists led by Axel Mithöfer at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany examined thedefensive responses of two varieties of the sweet potato ______
TN57, which is known for its insect resistance, and TN66,which is much more susceptible to pests.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
plant.
B.
plant;
C.
plant
D.
plant:

Answer 36

D

Question 37

With some 16,000 in attendance, the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and ______
or FESTAC ‘77, as theevent was more commonly known—became the largest pan-African event on record. FESTAC drew people from around theworld to Lagos, Nigeria, for a monthlong celebration of Black and African art, scholarship, and activism.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Culture:
B.
Culture—
C.
Culture,
D.
Culture

Answer 37

B

Question 38

During the English neoclassical period (1660–1789), many writers imitated the epic poetry and satires of ancient Greeceand Rome. They were not the fi rst in England to adopt the literary modes of classical ______
some of the most prominentfi gures of the earlier Renaissance period were also infl uenced by ancient Greek and Roman literature.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
antiquity, however
B.
antiquity, however,
C.
antiquity, however;
D.
antiquity; however,

Answer 38

C

Question 39

In assessing the fi lms of Japanese director Akira Kurosawa, ______
have missed his equally deep engagement withJapanese artistic traditions such as Noh theater.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
many critics have focused on Kurosawa’s use of Western literary sources but
B.
Kurosawa’s use of Western literary sources has been the focus of many critics, who
C.
there are many critics who have focused on Kurosawa’s use of Western literary sources, but they
D.
the focus of many critics has been on Kurosawa’s use of Western literary sources; they
ID:
3b9318f2

Answer 39

A

Question 40

Hegra is an archaeological site in present-day Saudi Arabia and was the second largest city of the Nabataean Kingdom(fourth century BCE to fi rst century CE). Archaeologist Laila Nehmé recently traveled to Hegra to study its ancient ______
into the rocky outcrops of a vast desert, these burial chambers seem to blend seamlessly with nature.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
tombs. Built
B.
tombs, built
C.
tombs and built
D.
tombs built

Answer 40

A

Question 41

The poem
Beowulf
begins with the word “
hwæt
,” which is an Old English ______
as “hark!” or “listen!” in some versions, theword was playfully rendered as “bro!” by Maria Dahvana Headley in her 2020 translation of the poem.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
exclamation, translated
B.
exclamation and translated
C.
exclamation translated
D.
exclamation. Translated
ID:
5df45c4a

Answer 41

D

Question 42

In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and secondary charactersbut never a heroine, fi nally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures’
Daughter of Shanghai
, a fi lm that ______
“expanded therange of possibilities for Asian images on screen.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
critic, Stina Chyn, claims
B.
critic, Stina Chyn, claims,
C.
critic Stina Chyn claims
D.
critic Stina Chyn, claims,

Answer 42

C

Question 43

Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the SouthernHemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic fi eld when searching for ______
in the Northern Hemisphere,the magnetic fi eld points down, into the ground, but in the Southern Hemisphere, it points up, toward the surface and awayfrom worms’ food sources.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
food:
B.
food,
C.
food while
D.
food

Answer 43

A

Question 44

Compared to that of alumina glass, ______
silica glass atoms are so far apart that they are unable to re-form bonds afterbeing separated.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
silica glass is at a signifi cant disadvantage due to its more dispersed atomic arrangement:
B.
silica glass has a more dispersed atomic arrangement, resulting in a signifi cant disadvantage:
C.
a signifi cant disadvantage of silica glass is that its atomic arrangement is more dispersed:
D.
silica glass’s atomic arrangement is more dispersed, resulting in a signifi cant disadvantage:

Answer 44

D

Question 45

Researchers studying the “terra-cotta army,” the thousands of life-size statues of warriors found interred near the tomb ofEmperor Qin Shi Huang of China, were shocked to realize that the shape of each statue’s ears, like the shape of eachperson’s ears, ______
unique.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
are
B.
is
C.
were
D.
have been

Answer 45

B

Question 46

In 1994, almost 200 years after the death of Wang Zhenyi, the International Astronomical ______
the contributions of thebarrier-breaking 18th-century astronomer and author of “Dispute of the Procession of the Equinoxes,” naming a crater onVenus after her.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Union would fi nally acknowledge
B.
Union to fi nally acknowledge
C.
Union, having fi nally acknowledged
D.
Union, fi nally acknowledging

Answer 46

A

Question 47

Over twenty years ago, in a landmark experiment in the psychology of choice, professor Sheena Iyengar set up a jam-tastingbooth at a grocery store. The number of jams available for tasting ______
some shoppers had twenty-four different options,others only six. Interestingly, the shoppers with fewer jams to choose from purchased more jam.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
varied:
B.
varied,
C.
varied, while
D.
varied while

Answer 47

A

Question 48

experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the chills) while listening to music, there wasone personality trait that they scored particularly ______
openness to experience.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
high. On
B.
high on;
C.
high on
D.
high on:

Answer 48

D

Question 49

In 2016, engineer Vanessa Galvez oversaw the installation of 164 bioswales, vegetated channels designed to absorb anddivert stormwater, along the streets of Queens, New York. By reducing the runoff fl owing into city sewers, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
the mitigation of both street fl ooding and the resulting pollution of nearby waterways has been achieved by bioswales.
B.
the bioswales have mitigated both street fl ooding and the resulting pollution of nearby waterways.
C.
the bioswales’ mitigation of both street fl ooding and the resulting pollution of nearby waterways has been achieved.
D.
both street fl ooding and the resulting pollution of nearby waterways have been mitigated by bioswales.

Answer 49

B

Question 50

When they were fi rst discovered in Australia in 1798, duck-billed, beaver-tailed platypuses so defi ed categorization that onescientist assigned them the name
Ornithorhynchus
paradoxus
: “paradoxical bird-snout.” The animal,
which lays eggs butalso nurses ______
young with milk, has since been classifi ed as belonging to the monotremes group.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
they’re
B.
their
C.
its
D.
it’s

Answer 50

C

Question 51

Ten of William Shakespeare’s plays are classifi ed as histories. Although each one of these plays, which include
Henry V
and
Richard III
, ______
on a single historical fi gure (specifi cally, an English king), some, such as
Henry VI Part One
and
Henry VIPart Two,
feature different episodes from the same monarch’s life.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
focuses
B.
focus
C.
are focused
D.
were focused

Answer 51

A

Question 52

Author Madeline L’Engle, ______
to create a suspenseful tone that draws the reader in, begins her novel
A Wrinkle in Time
with descriptions of “wraithlike shadows” and “the frenzied lashing of the wind.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
looked
B.
looks
C.
is looking
D.
looking

Answer 52

D

Question 53

Planetary scientist Briony Horgan and her colleagues have determined that as much as 25 percent of the sand on Mars iscomposed of impact spherules. These spherical bits of glass form when asteroids collide with the planet, ejecting bits ofmolten rock into the atmosphere that, after cooling and solidifying into glass, ______
back onto Mars’s surface.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
to rain
B.
raining
C.
having rained
D.
rain

Answer 53

D

Question 54

To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpré offered storytelling inboth English and Spanish, an uncommon ______
celebrated
el Día de los Tres Reyes Magos
,
an important communityholiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
practice, at the time
B.
practice at the time;
C.
practice, at the time,
D.
practice at the time,

Answer 54

B

Question 55

A study published by Rice University geoscientist Ming Tang in 2019 offers a new explanation for the origin of Earth’s ______
structures called arcs, towering ridges that form when a dense oceanic plate subducts under a less dense continental plate,melts in the mantle below, and then rises and bursts through the continental crust above.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
continents geological
B.
continents: geological
C.
continents; geological
D.
continents. Geological

Answer 55

B

Question 56

Joshua Hinson, director of the language revitalization program of the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma, helped produce theworld’s fi rst Indigenous-language instructional app, Chickasaw ______
Chickasaw TV, in 2010; and a Rosetta Stone languagecourse in Chickasaw, in 2015.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Basic; in 2009, an online television network;
B.
Basic; in 2009, an online television network,
C.
Basic, in 2009; an online television network,
D.
Basic, in 2009, an online television network,
ID:
971ed23e

Answer 56

C

Question 57

In 1955, Indian Bengali fi lmmaker Satyajit Ray released his fi rst movie,
Pather
______
quiet black-and-white drama about afamily in rural India, Ray’s fi lm was quite different from the loud, colorful action-romance movies that were popular at thetime.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
Panchali
a
B.
Panchali
, which was a
C.
Panchali
, a
D.
Panchali
. A

Answer 57

D

Question 58

In paleontology, the term “Elvis taxon” gets applied to a newly identifi ed living species that was once presumed to beextinct. Like an Elvis impersonator who might bear a striking resemblance to the late musical icon Elvis Presley himself, anElvis taxon is not the real thing, ______
is a misidentifi ed look-alike.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
however but it
B.
however it
C.
however, it
D.
however. It

Answer 58

D

Question 59

Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb gases needed for plant growth, open when guard cells surrounding eachpore swell with water. In a pivotal 2007 article, plant cell ______
showed that lipid molecules called phosphatidylinositolphosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
biologist, Yuree Lee
B.
biologist Yuree Lee,
C.
biologist Yuree Lee
D.
biologist, Yuree Lee,

Answer 59

C

Question 60

In 2018, a team of researchers led by Dr. Caitlin Whalen compiled every available measurement of ocean mixing rates fromthe past two decades. With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how current-driven mixing varies across
______
and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.
regions,
B.
regions:
C.
regions;
D.
regions

Answer 60

D